我国节能减排政策法律完善研究

发布时间：2018-10-25 21:04

【摘要】： 能源是人类生存的物质保障,与人类生活和社会经济发展息息相关,正因如此,开发能源也始终贯穿于人类社会文明的发展过程当中。然而,伴随着世界工业的不断发展,能源消耗强度不断提高、资源开发规模扩大,供需矛盾越来越突出。能源所引发的“蝴蝶效应”使得气候变化和能源安全已成为当今世界备受重视的综合性全球问题。面对严峻的环境和能源形势,人类开始反思提高能效的重要性,逐渐使降低能源需求和减少排放的新理念深入人心,并且转化为各种以节能减排为主题的绿色行动在世界范围内开展起来。中国作为发展中国家,尽管发展经济依然是我们的工作重心,但在全球气候变化的大背景下,也要主动承担节能减排的国际责任。减少排放、保护环境是我们以人为本发展理念的基本要求,也是我们可持续发展的内在需求。本文以基本原则为节能减排具体制度的基础和出发点,在理论分析和实证分析的基础上,对我国节能减排的重要性和紧迫性进行思考,指出我国现阶段节能减排的重要意义。全面系统介绍国内外节能减排法律政策现状,对比分析认为,法律政策上的支持是节能减排发展的根本动力。因此,我国应建立一套综合的节能减排法律与政策运行机制,以保障节能减排工作的深入持续性开展。为了构建稳定、经济、清洁、可持续的能源供应及服务体系,提高能源效率,保障能源安全,推动资源节约型和环境友好型社会建设,就要建立以政府为主导、企业为主体和全社会参与的节能减排综合机制、节能减排激励与制约机制。而良好的法制环境是该机制建立和运行的保障,完善的立法应将节能减排机制运行法定化、刚性化。因此,本文在我国现有法律框架内,以节能减排基本原则为指导,贯穿可持续发展理念,从宪法到基本法律规章、从执法到法律监督等各个方面层次性阐述节能节能减排法律制度。本文希冀提出较为全面的节能减排法律制度,为国家节能减排长效机制的建立和运行提供相应依据,以此提高能源利用效率,缓解能源瓶颈制约。本文突破传统思路,以节能减排法律与政策长效运行机制为视角进行研究,提出了节能减排的的具体政策措施,分析了我国节能减排法律制度的现状与不足并提出建设性意见。本文具有鲜明的时代感,对实践科学发展观,解决能源问题,实现可持续发展,建设资源节约型环境友好型社会具有重要的意义。
[Abstract]:Energy is the material guarantee for human survival, which is closely related to human life and social economic development. Therefore, the development of energy has always run through the development process of human social civilization. However, with the continuous development of world industry, the energy consumption intensity is increasing, the scale of resource development is expanding, and the contradiction between supply and demand is becoming more and more prominent. Because of the butterfly effect caused by energy, climate change and energy security have become a comprehensive global problem that the world attaches great importance to. In the face of severe environment and energy situation, human beings began to reflect on the importance of improving energy efficiency, gradually making the new idea of reducing energy demand and reducing emissions deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. And into a variety of energy conservation and emission reduction as the theme of green action to be carried out around the world. As a developing country, although China's economic development is still the focus of our work, but in the context of global climate change, it has to take the initiative to assume the international responsibility of energy saving and emission reduction. Reducing emissions and protecting the environment are the basic requirements of our people-oriented development concept and the inherent needs of our sustainable development. Based on the basic principles as the basis and starting point of the specific system of energy saving and emission reduction, this paper considers the importance and urgency of energy saving and emission reduction in China on the basis of theoretical analysis and empirical analysis, and points out the significance of energy saving and emission reduction in China at the present stage. The present situation of energy saving and emission reduction laws and policies at home and abroad is introduced in a comprehensive and systematic way, and the comparative analysis shows that the support of law and policy is the fundamental motive force for the development of energy saving and emission reduction. Therefore, our country should establish a set of comprehensive energy saving and emission reduction law and policy operation mechanism, in order to guarantee the energy saving and emission reduction work deeply and continuously. In order to build a stable, economic, clean and sustainable energy supply and service system, improve energy efficiency, safeguard energy security, and promote the construction of resource-saving and environment-friendly society, we must build a government-led society. Enterprise as the main body and the whole society participate in the comprehensive mechanism of energy saving and emission reduction, energy saving and emission reduction incentive and restriction mechanism. The good legal environment is the guarantee of the establishment and operation of the mechanism, and the perfect legislation should legalize the operation of energy saving and emission reduction mechanism and make it rigid. Therefore, under the guidance of the basic principles of energy saving and emission reduction, this paper runs through the concept of sustainable development, from the Constitution to the basic laws and regulations, within the existing legal framework of our country. From law enforcement to legal supervision and other aspects of the level of energy conservation and emission reduction legal system. This paper hopes to put forward a more comprehensive energy saving and emission reduction legal system to provide the corresponding basis for the establishment and operation of the national energy saving and emission reduction long-term mechanism, so as to improve the efficiency of energy use and alleviate the energy bottleneck constraints. This paper breaks through the traditional way of thinking, studies the long-term operation mechanism of energy saving and emission reduction laws and policies, puts forward the specific policies and measures of energy saving and emission reduction, analyzes the present situation and shortcomings of the legal system of energy saving and emission reduction in China and puts forward constructive suggestions. This paper has a distinct sense of the times, which is of great significance to the practice of scientific development concept, the solution of energy problems, the realization of sustainable development and the construction of a resource-conserving environment-friendly society.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.6

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