关于杭州西湖“后申遗时代”保护管理的若干思考
发布时间：2018-10-26 17:28
【摘要】：世界遗产是人类最具价值的自然历史和人类历史遗存,如何处理好遗产保护与发展的关系是一个有待长期研究的课题。西湖是中国第3处世界文化景观遗产。在文化景观中,人对景观的影响要远远大过于景观自身。它强调的是人和景观和谐相处的方式以及融入其中的文化背景。西湖成功登录世界遗产名录,突出普遍价值的承载要素表现在西湖自然山水、和依存与融合于其间的景观格局“两堤三岛”、题名景观“西湖十景”、西湖文化史迹与西湖特色植物,以及呈现为“三面云山一面城”的城湖空间特色。文化景观遗产具有三个特征,一是文化景观体现文化与自然的共同创造,二是文化景观体现系统与整体的综合价值,三是文化景观体现连续与互动的长期结合,因此对待文化景观遗产的保护,既要避免今人破坏历史遗留下来的文物古迹、风景山水,又不能简单地把在景观地生活的人们迁出,破坏了其“文化生态系统”的延续。 世界遗产不同于一般的风景旅游资源,具有不可再生、不可复制和不可逆转的特征,其珍贵性、脆弱性决定了必须通过更为严格、科学的保护、管理和合理利用,才能使之永久存在、被永续利用。从本质上讲,遗产保护管理的核心问题就是如何在遗产地建立和形成有利于自然文化资源保护管理的机制和体制,让其能够“严格保护,合理开发,永续利用”。论文分析了西湖文化景观遗产保护存在的六大问题:土地资源利用调整余地有限、建设管控的压力较大、交通压力缓解困难、原居民生产生活方式受旅游开发的冲击较大、游览服务设施和游客量分布不均衡、城湖空间格局受到挑战。通过借鉴美国、加拿大、日本等国的遗产保护经验,归纳出国外的先进经验主要体现在有效的管理体制、完善的法律体系、科学的决策过程、多种的资金来源和广泛的社会参与五个方面。文章为加强西湖文化景观保护提出了五条建议,即理顺管理体制、健全遗产法规、建立预警制度、加强遗产监测和狠抓遗产教育。
[Abstract]:World Heritage is the most valuable natural history and historical relic of mankind. How to deal with the relationship between heritage protection and development is a subject to be studied for a long time. West Lake is the third world cultural heritage in China. In the cultural landscape, people's influence on the landscape is far greater than the landscape itself. It emphasizes the way people and the landscape live in harmony and the cultural background in which they fit in. The West Lake has successfully entered the World Heritage list, highlighting the bearing elements of the universal value in the natural landscape of the West Lake, and the landscape pattern of "two dikes and three islands", with the title "Ten landscapes of the West Lake". West Lake cultural historical relics and West Lake characteristic plants, as well as the "three sides Yunshan one city" of the city and lake space features. The cultural landscape heritage has three characteristics: one is the co-creation of culture and nature, the other is the comprehensive value of the system and the whole, the third is the long-term combination of continuous and interactive cultural landscape. Therefore, to protect the cultural landscape heritage, we should not only prevent people from destroying the historical relics and historical relics, landscapes and rivers, but also cannot simply move the people living in the landscape out and destroy the continuation of their "cultural ecosystem". The world heritage is different from the common scenic tourism resources. It has the characteristics of non-renewable, non-replicative and irreversible. Its precious and fragile nature determines that it must be protected, managed and rationally utilized through more strict, scientific protection, management and rational utilization. The only way to make it permanent is to be used forever. In essence, the core problem of heritage protection management is how to establish and form a mechanism and system conducive to the protection and management of natural and cultural resources in heritage sites, so that it can be "strictly protected, reasonably developed and used permanently". The paper analyzes six problems existing in the protection of the cultural landscape heritage of West Lake: the limited scope for adjustment of land resources, the pressure of construction control, the relief of traffic pressure, and the impact of tourism development on the production and life style of indigenous residents. The distribution of tour service facilities and tourist volume is uneven, and the spatial pattern of city lake is challenged. By drawing lessons from the heritage protection experiences of the United States, Canada, Japan and other countries, we conclude that the advanced experience of foreign countries is mainly reflected in an effective management system, a sound legal system, and a scientific decision-making process. A variety of sources of funding and broad social participation in five areas. This paper puts forward five suggestions for strengthening the protection of West Lake cultural landscape, that is, to straighten out the management system, to perfect the heritage laws and regulations, to establish the early warning system, to strengthen the heritage monitoring and to pay close attention to the heritage education.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.16;D922.68
本文编号：2296457
[Abstract]:World Heritage is the most valuable natural history and historical relic of mankind. How to deal with the relationship between heritage protection and development is a subject to be studied for a long time. West Lake is the third world cultural heritage in China. In the cultural landscape, people's influence on the landscape is far greater than the landscape itself. It emphasizes the way people and the landscape live in harmony and the cultural background in which they fit in. The West Lake has successfully entered the World Heritage list, highlighting the bearing elements of the universal value in the natural landscape of the West Lake, and the landscape pattern of "two dikes and three islands", with the title "Ten landscapes of the West Lake". West Lake cultural historical relics and West Lake characteristic plants, as well as the "three sides Yunshan one city" of the city and lake space features. The cultural landscape heritage has three characteristics: one is the co-creation of culture and nature, the other is the comprehensive value of the system and the whole, the third is the long-term combination of continuous and interactive cultural landscape. Therefore, to protect the cultural landscape heritage, we should not only prevent people from destroying the historical relics and historical relics, landscapes and rivers, but also cannot simply move the people living in the landscape out and destroy the continuation of their "cultural ecosystem". The world heritage is different from the common scenic tourism resources. It has the characteristics of non-renewable, non-replicative and irreversible. Its precious and fragile nature determines that it must be protected, managed and rationally utilized through more strict, scientific protection, management and rational utilization. The only way to make it permanent is to be used forever. In essence, the core problem of heritage protection management is how to establish and form a mechanism and system conducive to the protection and management of natural and cultural resources in heritage sites, so that it can be "strictly protected, reasonably developed and used permanently". The paper analyzes six problems existing in the protection of the cultural landscape heritage of West Lake: the limited scope for adjustment of land resources, the pressure of construction control, the relief of traffic pressure, and the impact of tourism development on the production and life style of indigenous residents. The distribution of tour service facilities and tourist volume is uneven, and the spatial pattern of city lake is challenged. By drawing lessons from the heritage protection experiences of the United States, Canada, Japan and other countries, we conclude that the advanced experience of foreign countries is mainly reflected in an effective management system, a sound legal system, and a scientific decision-making process. A variety of sources of funding and broad social participation in five areas. This paper puts forward five suggestions for strengthening the protection of West Lake cultural landscape, that is, to straighten out the management system, to perfect the heritage laws and regulations, to establish the early warning system, to strengthen the heritage monitoring and to pay close attention to the heritage education.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.16;D922.68
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