电子废物管理法律制度的国际比较研究

发布时间：2018-10-29 11:53

【摘要】： 电子废物数量大、增长速度快、难以处置,已经成为了一个不可忽视的环境问题。电子废物因包括很多危险性物质具有较强的潜在危害性,但是与其他固体废物不同,它又具有资源性的特点,若对其进行合理的回收利用和环保处理,可以保护环境、节约资源,这符合可持续发展道路、建立环境友好型资源节约型社会和循环经济的要求,因此,完善电子废物管理法律制度势在必行。迄今为止,国际上还没有专门的电子废物国际立法,这成为国际环境法中的一大缺陷,但是世界各国对于电子废物管理法律制度的探索由来已久,并且不断的成熟完善。本文不仅从宏观上介绍了各国的电子废物立法情况、电子废物立法的理论基础,而且从微观上对各国的电子废物管理法律制度框架进行详细的比较研究,以期对电子废物管理法律制度有一个全面的分析研究。本文一共分为五个部分: 第一部分是电子废物概述。这部分介绍了电子废物的概念、特点,说明电子废物管理法律制度建立的紧迫性。第二部分是各国电子废物管理法律制度介绍。各国大多采用立法的手段对电子废物进行管理,积累了较多的成熟经验,形成了比较完善的管理法律制度体系。欧盟颁布了《报废电子电器设备指令(WEEE)》与《关于在电子电器设备中限制使用某些有害物质指令(RoHS)》两条指令,对各国立法起到了强大的促进作用;日本《家用电器再生利用法》更是走了一条特色鲜明而又卓有成效的道路;美国信奉市场主导,企图凭借其完备的市场经济模式来推行企业自愿治理为主的电子废物治理模式,其中,加利福尼亚州的电子废物环境立法最具特色。第三部分是电子废物管理法律制度的理论基础。在这一部分,详细分析了风险预防原则、生产者责任延伸制度、产品生命周期评价制度、可持续发展和循环经济理论,为电子废物管理法律制度的比较研究奠定了理论基础。第四部分是电子废物管理法律制度体系比较研究。各国在电子废物管理法律制度的设计中需要综合考虑本国国情、国际趋势以及制度实施的有效性,这就决定了各国立法的不同,这是本文的主体部分和主要创新之处。本部分从管辖对象、责任设置、回收再利用体系、回收利用付费机制、管理者作用五个方面进行比较,挖掘探讨各国制度设计的共性、个性和有益的尝试。第五部分是我国电子废物管理法律制度的设计。比较不是目的,目的是对我国的立法进行指导。从我国电子废物管理法理制度的现状和不足入手,对完善该制度进行可行性分析,借鉴国际上的先进经验,引入许可证制度、押金制度,完善生产者责任延伸制度,构建出适合我国国情的电子废物管理法律制度。
[Abstract]:Large amount of electronic waste, rapid growth rate, difficult to dispose of, has become an environmental problem that can not be ignored. Electronic waste, which includes many hazardous substances, is potentially hazardous, but unlike other solid wastes, it has the characteristics of resource. If it is recycled and treated reasonably, the environment can be protected. It is necessary to perfect the legal system of electronic waste management because it is in line with the road of sustainable development and the requirement of establishing environment-friendly resource-saving society and circular economy. Up to now, there is no special international legislation on electronic waste, which has become a major defect in international environmental law. However, the legal system of electronic waste management has been explored for a long time in the world, and has been continuously mature and perfect. This paper not only introduces the legislation situation of electronic waste and the theoretical basis of electronic waste legislation, but also makes a detailed comparative study on the legal framework of electronic waste management in different countries from the micro perspective. With a view to e-waste management legal system has a comprehensive analysis and research. This paper is divided into five parts: the first part is an overview of e-waste. This part introduces the concept and characteristics of e-waste, and explains the urgency of the establishment of e-waste management legal system. The second part is the introduction of the legal system of electronic waste management in various countries. Most countries adopt legislative means to manage electronic waste, accumulated more mature experience, and formed a relatively perfect management legal system. The European Union has issued the Directive (WEEE) and the Directive (RoHS) on restricting the use of certain harmful substances in Electronic and Electrical Equipments, which has played a powerful role in promoting the legislation of various countries. Japan's "Home Appliances Regeneration and Utilization Law" has taken a distinctive and fruitful road; The United States believes in market leading and attempts to implement the electronic waste management model which is based on voluntary enterprise governance by virtue of its complete market economy model. Among them, California's electronic waste environmental legislation has the most characteristics. The third part is the theoretical basis of the legal system of e-waste management. In this part, the principle of risk prevention, the extended system of producer responsibility, the system of product life cycle evaluation, the theory of sustainable development and the theory of circular economy are analyzed in detail, which lays a theoretical foundation for the comparative study of the legal system of electronic waste management. The fourth part is a comparative study on the legal system of e-waste management. In the design of the legal system of e-waste management, countries need to consider the national conditions, international trends and the effectiveness of the implementation of the system, which determines the different legislation of each country, which is the main part of this paper and the main innovation. This part compares jurisdiction object, responsibility setting, recycle and reuse system, recovery and utilization payment mechanism, and the role of manager, and explores the commonness, individuality and beneficial attempt of system design in various countries. The fifth part is the design of the legal system of e-waste management in China. Comparison is not the purpose, the purpose is to guide the legislation of our country. Starting with the present situation and deficiency of the legal system of electronic waste management in our country, this paper analyzes the feasibility of perfecting the system, draws lessons from the advanced experience of the world, introduces the license system, deposit system, and consummates the extended system of producer responsibility. A legal system of e-waste management suitable for China's national conditions is constructed.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D996.9;D912.6

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