我国基本农田污染防治的法律对策研究

发布时间：2019-01-19 11:20

【摘要】： 基本农田是耕地中的精华,是我国实现粮食基本自给目标的安全底线,保护基本农田是耕地保护的重中之重。而在过去几年中,伴随着工业化和城市化的推进,我国基本农田在数量和质量上都有很大的下降,表现为基本农田被大量征占和基本农田土壤受到污染,其中基本农田土壤污染成为一个新的严重问题,土壤污染造成了农田地力下降或丧失地力,进而影响到农作物的生长并危害人体健康,这使我们不得不面对基本农田污染的严峻现状并对造成污染的原因进行分析。造成基本农田污染的原因除了滥施农药化肥、污水灌溉、废弃物堆存占地等原因外,还与缺乏基本农田污染防治的专门的法律法规有关。我国目前没有防治基本农田污染的专门法律法规,有关防治基本农田的规定散见于各个法律法规中,且规定比较原则,可操作性低,这种现状不利于对基本农田污染的防治,因此,有必要制定基本农田污染防治的专门法律法规。本文在剖析现行的与基本农田保护相关的法律法规所存在的问题的基础上,结合国内外预防和治理农业用地土壤污染的经验,提出了我国基本农田污染防治的法律对策,即通过制定基本农田污染防治的专门法律,明确规定防治基本农田污染的法律原则和行政管理体制,并对防治基本农田的基本法律制度如调查和监测制度,许可制度,标准控制制度和绿色补贴制度、公众参与制度做出明确规定,同时通过立法对相关的法律责任做出规定,以期通过这些制度的实施,预防基本农田的污染,治理已经发生的污染,从而实现基本农田的地力维护和提高,保证农产品的无污染供应。
[Abstract]:Basic farmland is the essence of cultivated land and the safe bottom line to achieve the goal of basic self-sufficiency of grain in our country. The protection of basic farmland is the most important part of the protection of cultivated land. In the past few years, with the development of industrialization and urbanization, the quantity and quality of basic farmland in our country have declined greatly, which is manifested by the massive expropriation of basic farmland and the pollution of basic farmland soil. Among them, the basic farmland soil pollution has become a new serious problem. The soil pollution causes the farmland land fertility to decrease or lose, and then affects the growth of crops and endangers human health. So we have to face the severe situation of basic farmland pollution and analyze the causes of pollution. The causes of basic farmland pollution are not only the application of pesticides and fertilizers, sewage irrigation, waste storage and occupation, but also the lack of special laws and regulations for the prevention and control of basic farmland pollution. At present, there are no special laws and regulations to prevent and control the pollution of basic farmland in our country. The regulations on the prevention and control of basic farmland are scattered in various laws and regulations, and the principle of comparison is stipulated, and the operability is low. This situation is not conducive to the prevention and control of the pollution of basic farmland. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate basic farmland pollution prevention and control of special laws and regulations. On the basis of analyzing the problems existing in the existing laws and regulations related to the protection of basic farmland, combined with the experience of preventing and controlling soil pollution of agricultural land at home and abroad, this paper puts forward the legal countermeasures for the prevention and control of basic farmland pollution in China. That is, by making special laws for the prevention and control of basic farmland pollution, the legal principles and administrative management system for the prevention and control of basic farmland pollution are clearly stipulated, and the basic legal systems for the prevention and control of basic farmland, such as the investigation and monitoring system, the licensing system, The standard control system and the green subsidy system, the public participation system makes the explicit stipulation, at the same time through the legislation makes the stipulation to the related legal responsibility, with a view to preventing the pollution of the basic farmland through the implementation of these systems, To control the pollution that has already occurred, so as to realize the maintenance and improvement of the basic farmland, and to ensure the non-pollution supply of agricultural products.
【学位授予单位】：西北民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.68

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