闽江流域水环境保护行政问责制度研究

发布时间：2019-02-23 15:18

【摘要】：我国早已进入环境污染高发期，福建省闽江流域水环境污染事件也频繁发生，逐渐制约着福建省社会经济的可持续发展。在全国掀起“问责风暴”的时候，环境保护领域开始探讨“环境保护行政问责”。就福建省环境保护领域而言，闽江流域水环境的保护是福建省各级政府和官员环境保护工作的重中之重，而闽江流域水环境保护行政问责制是落实政府环境责任的重要制度保障。本文首先分析了闽江流域在福建省社会发展、经济建设中的战略意义和各级政府在闽江流域水环境保护中的重要作用，笔者认为应当尽快建立一套闽江流域水环境保护行政问责制度，以落实政府在闽江流域水环境管理和保护方面的职责，实现对闽江流域水环境的有效保护。本文在分析学者们对“问责制”、“行政问责制”不同界定的基础上，先厘定了“问责制”、“行政问责制”、“环境保护行政问责制”的概念，然后研究了福建省水环境保护行政问责制度相关的法律法规和制度的实践情况。由于我国目前的法律法规几乎没有对环境保护行政问责进行规定，而且在2009年起草的《福建省流域水环境保护条例（草案）》中也忽略了环境保护行政问责的规定。并且我国在水环境保护领域存在政府各部门职责、权限划分混乱不清、交叉重叠的状况，导致问责制度实施效果不佳，责任追究不充分、不合理等情况。再加上行政问责的相关配套制度不完善，使得环境保护行政问责的实施效果大打折扣。因此，笔者提出要构建闽江流域水环境保护行政问责制度的建议。首先要重塑行政问责文化，在制度构建时，应从行政问责的要素入手，即对问责主体、问责客体、问责范围、问责程序和责任体系等方面作出规定。环境保护行政问责是多元问责，包括同体问责和异体问责，但与同体问责相比，异体问责更能体现民主，，更能有效监督政府是否履行环境保护的相应职责，因此环境保护行政问责要强化权力机关的问责，社会公众的问责和司法机关的问责等异体问责。最后要健全问责配套制度，以保障闽江流域水环境保护行政问责制度的顺利实施，最终达到保护闽江流域水环境的目的，实现福建省社会、经济、环境三位一体和谐发展。
[Abstract]:China has entered a period of high incidence of environmental pollution, and the events of water environmental pollution in Minjiang River basin of Fujian Province have occurred frequently, which has gradually restricted the sustainable development of social economy in Fujian Province. In the national "accountability storm", the field of environmental protection began to explore the "administrative accountability of environmental protection." As far as the field of environmental protection in Fujian Province is concerned, the protection of the water environment in the Minjiang River basin is the top priority of the environmental protection work of all levels of government and officials in Fujian Province. The administrative accountability system for water environmental protection in Minjiang River Basin is an important institutional guarantee for the implementation of government environmental responsibility. This paper first analyzes the strategic significance of Minjiang River Basin in the social development and economic construction of Fujian Province and the important role of governments at all levels in the water environment protection of Minjiang River Basin. The author holds that a set of administrative accountability system for water environment protection in Minjiang river basin should be established as soon as possible in order to carry out the responsibility of the government in the management and protection of water environment in Minjiang river basin and to realize the effective protection of water environment in Minjiang river basin. On the basis of analyzing the different definitions of "accountability system" and "administrative accountability system", this paper first defines the concepts of "accountability system", "administrative accountability system" and "administrative accountability system of environmental protection". Then, it studies the practice of laws, regulations and systems related to the administrative accountability system of water environment protection in Fujian Province. Since there are few regulations on the administrative accountability of environmental protection in our country at present, the regulations of Fujian Watershed Water Environment Protection (draft) drafted in 2009 also ignore the provisions of administrative accountability for environmental protection. And in the field of water environmental protection, there are responsibilities of various government departments, confusion of authority division, overlapping, resulting in poor implementation of the accountability system, inadequate accountability, unreasonable and so on. In addition, the related supporting system of administrative accountability is not perfect, which makes the implementation effect of administrative accountability of environmental protection greatly reduced. Therefore, the author proposes to construct the administrative accountability system of water environmental protection in Minjiang River Basin. First of all, to reshape the culture of administrative accountability, we should start with the elements of administrative accountability, that is, the accountability subject, the object, the scope of accountability, the procedure of accountability and the responsibility system. Administrative accountability for environmental protection is pluralistic, including homogeneity and heterogeneity, but compared with peer accountability, allogeneic accountability is more democratic and can effectively monitor whether the government performs its corresponding duties of environmental protection. Therefore, administrative accountability for environmental protection should strengthen the accountability of power organs, public accountability and judicial accountability. Finally, it is necessary to perfect the supporting system of accountability in order to ensure the smooth implementation of the administrative accountability system for the protection of the water environment of the Minjiang River basin, so as to achieve the goal of protecting the water environment of the Minjiang River basin and to realize the harmonious development of the social, economic and environmental trinity of Fujian Province.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.68

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