海洋自然形态的法律保护

发布时间：2019-02-25 13:04

【摘要】：海洋对于人类的生存和环境的可持续发展具有重要意义。随着世界经济的发展和沿海地区人口的急剧增长,人类对海洋的利用需求日益增加,对海洋的开发力度日渐加强。海洋在被开发和利用的过程中,自然形态被不同程度的改变,对海洋自然形态进行法律保护迫在眉睫。针对海洋被开发和利用的情况,提出海洋自然形态的全新概念,经过比较分析对其给出确切定义后从法律上加以保护。对于海洋自然形态可以这样定义:海洋自然形态就是指海洋环境中原本固有的、不经过人工创造或者人类加工改造过的生态状况和形态,亦即海洋的“天然自然形态”。在对海洋自然形态的开发利用中,往往使其遭到污染和破坏,因此应当对其进行法律保护。对于海洋自然形态,可以以海洋功能区划原则、海岸类型划分和海洋自然资源划分方法为基础,从海水、海岸、海底几个方面进行讨论。其中,海水包括海洋生物、海水动力和海水资源;海岸包括湿地和海岛;海底包括浅海、深海和矿产资源。在这样的分类基础上,展开对海洋自然形态及其法律保护的法理学研究。由于经济因素和人文社会因素等,海洋自然形态被人为的改变。海洋自然形态的改变,有的会产生环境问题,如对海洋环境的污染和破坏,也有的维护和促进了海洋事业的发展,如海水能源的利用。海洋自然形态的各种改变是利是弊,不可一概而论,应当在充分分析其改变原因、背景和后果的基础上得出结论。国际和国内已有的海洋方面的法律数目可观,但多从海洋环境、海洋生态和海洋资源等角度出发,对于海洋自然形态的保护尚未提及。海洋自然形态概念对于进一步保护海洋有着重要的意义,因此对其加以描述并建立相应的法律制度十分有必要。从对已有的海洋相关法律进行分析入手,具体分析现有法律在保护海洋自然形态上的作用和不足,在遵循立法原则的基础上,借鉴国内外相关法律制度,提出完善的措施和建议,以期对建立较完备的保护海洋自然形态的法律体系提供有益的借鉴和思考。
[Abstract]:The ocean is of great significance for the survival of human beings and the sustainable development of the environment. With the development of the world economy and the rapid growth of the population in the coastal areas, the human demand for the use of the ocean is increasing day by day, and the development of the ocean is increasingly strengthened. In the process of exploitation and utilization of the ocean, the natural form is changed to different degrees, so it is urgent to protect the marine natural form by law. In view of the exploitation and utilization of the ocean, a new concept of marine natural form is put forward, which is protected by law after comparing and analyzing its exact definition. The marine natural form can be defined as follows: the marine natural form refers to the original natural state and form of the marine environment which have not been artificially created or modified by human beings, that is, the "natural form" of the ocean. In the exploitation and utilization of marine natural form, it is often polluted and destroyed, so it should be protected by law. On the basis of the principle of marine functional regionalization, the classification of coastal types and the division of marine natural resources, the marine natural forms can be discussed from the aspects of sea water, coast and seabed. Among them, sea water includes marine life, sea water power and sea water resources; coast includes wetlands and islands; seabed includes shallow sea, deep sea and mineral resources. On the basis of this classification, the jurisprudence study on marine natural form and its legal protection is carried out. As a result of the economic factor and the humanities social factor and so on, the marine natural form is artificially changed. The change of marine natural form may produce some environmental problems, such as pollution and destruction of marine environment, and also maintain and promote the development of marine cause, such as the utilization of sea water energy. All kinds of changes of marine natural form are advantages and disadvantages. We should draw a conclusion on the basis of fully analyzing the causes, background and consequences of the changes. There are a considerable number of international and domestic laws on the sea, but most of them are from the aspects of marine environment, marine ecology and marine resources, and the protection of marine natural forms has not been mentioned. The concept of marine natural form is of great significance for the further protection of the ocean, so it is necessary to describe it and establish the corresponding legal system. Starting with the analysis of the existing marine laws, this paper analyzes the role and deficiency of the existing laws in protecting marine natural forms, and draws lessons from the relevant legal systems at home and abroad on the basis of following the principles of legislation. The author puts forward some perfect measures and suggestions in order to provide useful reference and reflection for the establishment of a complete legal system for protecting marine natural forms.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D912.6

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