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无民事行为能力人诉讼离婚研究

发布时间:2018-02-28 10:06

  本文关键词: 无民事行为能力人 诉讼离婚 程序事项 实体事项 出处:《西南政法大学》2012年硕士论文 论文类型:学位论文


【摘要】:与完全民事行为能力人的诉讼离婚相比,无民事行为能力人的诉讼离婚具有特殊性。尽管最高人民法院《关于适用中华人民共和国婚姻法若干问题的解释(三)》(以下简称《婚姻法司法解释三》)第8条对无民事行为能力人的监护人能否提出离婚,以及代为提出离婚诉讼与变更监护权诉讼的关系做了规定,但探讨不能止于此。对该问题进行一个总体的梳理,以及对后续的实体判决进行研究,仍有裨益。 正文共分为三个部分,从研究范围的界定,到程序性事项和实体性事项。笔者试图将离婚制度应用到无民事行为能力人提起或参与的离婚诉讼中,但又并非事无巨细,而主要着重论述了不同于完全民事行为能力人诉讼离婚的事项。同时,笔者认为无民事行为能力人诉讼离婚不仅包括程序性方面的问题,也涉及实体方面的问题,故对二者分而述之。 第一部分是对无民事行为能力人诉讼离婚的概述。包括论文的研究范围、无民事行为能力人的范围与认定。主张应适当扩张无民事行为能力人的范围,将现行法未能涵盖的植物人、脑瘫患者等纳入适用范围。只要符合无民事行为能力人本质特征的人,都可以适用该制度,使问题得到了概括和抽象,具有更强的适应性。 第二部分是对无民事行为能力人诉讼离婚的程序性事项进行研究,主要涉及三个问题,即无民事行为能力人的监护人能否代为提起离婚诉讼、提起离婚诉讼与变更监护诉讼的关系,以及法院在审理此类案件时的结案方式。重点论述了前两个问题。笔者赞同《婚姻法司法解释三》关于无民事行为能力人的监护人在一定条件下可以代为提起离婚诉讼的规定,但认为先提起变更监护权的诉讼欠妥,不宜将其作为前置条件;法院可以通过调解和判决的形式结案,但需对调解内容等予以实质审查; 第三部分是关于无民事行为能力人诉讼离婚时实体性事项方面的研究。包括四个方面的问题:法院判决无民事行为能力离婚的原则、财产分割的原则和债务处理原则、子女抚养权的确定与抚养费的给付、经济帮助。一方成为无民事行为能力人的可以成为法院裁判离婚时的具体理由,但从我国现实情况和保护无民事行为能力人的合法权益出发,在判决离婚时应采取相对离婚主义,即适当适用苛刻条款;财产分割和债务处理都要秉持保护无民事行为能力人权益的原则;子女原则上应判给完全民事行为能力人一方抚养,法院视具体情形判决无民事行为能力人一方不承担或适当承担未成年子女的抚养费,,例外情形下无民事行为能力人一方也可以获得未成年子女的抚养权;最后建议通过对我国经济帮助制度的完善,对无民事行为能力人进行适当的婚后救济。
[Abstract]:Compared with the divorce of a person with full civil capacity, The divorce of a person without civil capacity has its own particularity. Although Article 8 of the Supreme people's Court on the interpretation of certain issues concerning the Application of the Marriage Law of the people's Republic of China (III) > (hereinafter referred to as Judicial interpretation of the Marriage Law III). Whether the guardian of a person without civil capacity can file for divorce, The relationship between the divorce action and the change of guardianship action is stipulated, but the discussion cannot be stopped. It is still helpful to make a general combing of this problem and to study the subsequent substantive judgment. The text is divided into three parts, from the definition of the scope of the study to procedural matters and substantive matters. At the same time, the author thinks that the divorce of persons without civil capacity includes not only the procedural aspects, but also the substantive aspects. Therefore, the two are described separately. The first part is an overview of the divorce proceedings of persons without civil capacity. It includes the scope of research, the scope and determination of persons without civil capacity, and claims that the scope of persons without civil capacity should be expanded appropriately. The current law can not cover the vegetative person, the cerebral palsy patient and so on into the scope of application. As long as the person who meets the essential characteristics of the person with no civil capacity, can apply the system, so that the problem has been summarized and abstracted, and has stronger adaptability. The second part is to study the procedural matters of divorce proceedings of persons without civil capacity, mainly involving three issues, that is, whether the guardians of persons without civil capacity can file divorce proceedings on their behalf. The relationship between the filing of divorce proceedings and the change of guardianship proceedings, The author agrees with the "Judicial interpretation of Marriage Law III" that the guardian of a person with no capacity for civil conduct may file a divorce action on his behalf under certain conditions. However, it is considered that the lawsuit to change guardianship is not proper and should not be used as a precondition; the court can settle the case by mediation and judgment, but the content of mediation needs to be examined substantively. The third part is about the research on substantive matters in divorce proceedings of persons with no civil capacity. It includes four aspects: the principle of court judgment for divorce without civil capacity, the principle of property division and the principle of dealing with debts. The determination of child custody rights and the payment of alimony, economic assistance. A party who becomes a person with no capacity for civil action may become a specific reason for the court to adjudicate divorce, However, in view of the reality of our country and the protection of the legal rights and interests of the persons without civil capacity, the relative divorce doctrine should be adopted in the judgment of divorce, that is, the proper application of harsh clauses; Both the division of property and the handling of debts should uphold the principle of protecting the rights and interests of persons without civil capacity; in principle, children should be awarded to the party with full civil capacity to support them. According to the specific circumstances, the court decides that the party with no capacity for civil action does not undertake or properly bear the maintenance of minor children, and in exceptional circumstances, the party without civil capacity can also obtain custody of minor children; Finally, it is suggested that, through the perfection of the economic aid system in our country, proper post-marriage relief should be provided to the persons without civil capacity.
【学位授予单位】:西南政法大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2012
【分类号】:D923.9

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