国际儿童保护中的儿童最大利益原则研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 12:43

本文选题：儿童最大利益原则 + 儿童权利　；参考：《安徽大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：科菲·安南在第56届联合国儿童问题特别会议秘书长报告中说过：“我们曾经是儿童。我们都希望孩子们幸福,这一直是并将继续是人类最普遍珍视的愿望。”这样一个愿望体现了时代文明进步的殷切呼唤,同样也迎来了国际儿童权利保护和发展的春天。其中,儿童最大利益原则就是近些年来国际人权公约和有关国际立法确定的一项重要的儿童权利保护原则,是国际儿童权利保护诸多基本原则中最具有基础性和统领性的原则。通过对该原则的研究,能够拓宽儿童权利保护的研究范围,倡导儿童权利保护的国际合作,切实提高世界各国儿童权利保护的水平,推动世界儿童权利保护事业的发展,并以期对我国儿童权利保护工作的健全和完善提供借鉴。儿童最大利益原则经过几十年的发展和演变,逐渐孕育成熟,最终于1989年《儿童权利公约》中得以初步确立。尽管如此,儿童最大利益原则的具体内涵并没有得到明确的界定。这也引发了对该原则理解的很大争议,而该原则本身的灵活性和纲领性则是导致争议的很重要的原因。本文将从全球化视野出发,在国际法的框架下对该原则的理论内涵进行较为深入的探讨,最终形成完整的国际儿童保护最大利益原则的价值体系。随着经济和社会的发展,儿童的法律地位有着显著的提升。至20世纪,国际儿童立法出现了前所未有的迅速发展趋势。国际儿童权利法也得以形成,主要体现在国际人权条约和国际私法条约之中。另外,随着国际间的合作越来越广泛,全球化的趋势体现在越来越多的领域,儿童最大利益原则在儿童保护领域得到广泛的确认。大陆法系和英美法系对儿童最大利益原则的实践,为我们对该原则的理解提供了有益的探索,对我国儿童保护事业的发展也提供了有益的启示。但是,儿童最大利益原则所具有的纲领性和灵活性是一把双刃剑,在其充分、全面保护儿童权利的同时,也使得各种其他的因素自然地被纳入到该原则之中,使该原则的适用面临了一些问题。本文主要就不确定性、权利冲突和文化价值冲突这三个方面问题进行简要的评析并提出自己的观点。我国于1990年8月29日签署联合国《儿童权利公约》,为该公约的缔约国之一。1992年3月1日该公约正式生效,这引领我国儿童权利保护进入了一个全新的时代。随着该公约在国内的生效,我国开始重视贯彻实施儿童最大利益原则,将该原则的精神实质与本国的文化价值相融合,将国家的程序性义务与公约中规定的儿童权利相结合,从而达到最大限度体现该原则的立法精神,综合各方面的优势运用到我国的实践中,实现儿童权利保护的本土化。
[Abstract]:"We were children," Kofi Annan said in the report of the Secretary-General of the 56th UN Special session on Children. We all want our children to be happy, and this has been and will continue to be the most universally cherished aspiration of mankind. " Such a desire embodies the earnest call of civilization and progress of the times, and also ushered in the spring of international child rights protection and development. Among them, the principle of the best interests of the child is an important principle of the protection of children's rights determined by international human rights conventions and relevant international legislation in recent years. It is the most basic and dominant principle of the protection of international children's rights. By studying this principle, we can broaden the scope of research on the protection of children's rights, advocate international cooperation in the protection of children's rights, effectively raise the level of the protection of children's rights in all countries of the world, and promote the development of the cause of the protection of children's rights in the world, And hope to provide reference for our country child rights protection work sound and perfect. After decades of development and evolution, the principle of the best interests of the child has gradually matured and finally established in the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child. However, the specific meaning of the principle of the best interests of the child has not been clearly defined. This has also led to a great deal of controversy over the understanding of the principle, and the flexibility and programmatic nature of the principle itself is an important reason for the controversy. Starting from the perspective of globalization and under the framework of international law, this paper makes a deep discussion on the theoretical connotation of the principle, and finally forms a complete value system of the principle of the best interests of the international child protection. With the development of economy and society, the legal status of children has been greatly improved. To the 20 th century, the international child legislation appeared unprecedented rapid development trend. International child rights law has also been formed, mainly reflected in international human rights treaties and private international law treaties. In addition, with the increasing international cooperation, the trend of globalization is reflected in more and more fields, and the principle of the best interests of the child has been widely recognized in the field of child protection. The practice of the principle of the best interests of the child in the civil law system and the common law system provides a useful exploration for our understanding of the principle and a beneficial enlightenment for the development of the cause of child protection in our country. However, the programmatic and flexible nature of the principle of the best interests of the child is a double-edged sword that, while fully and comprehensively protecting the rights of the child, makes it natural for a variety of other factors to be incorporated into the principle, The application of this principle is faced with some problems. In this paper, the uncertainty, the conflict of rights and the conflict of cultural values are briefly analyzed and their own views are put forward. China signed the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child on August 29, 1990, as one of the signatories to the Convention. On March 1, 1992, the Convention entered into force, which led our country to enter into a new era for the protection of children's rights. With the entry into force of the Convention at home, our country has begun to attach importance to the implementation of the principle of the best interests of the child, to integrate the spirit of the principle with its cultural values, and to combine the procedural obligations of the State with the rights of the child as stipulated in the Convention. In order to maximize the embodiment of the principle of legislative spirit, comprehensive advantages of all aspects of the practice of our country, to achieve the localization of the protection of children's rights.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D99

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