论传统孝道与现代法治的融合

发布时间：2018-08-15 15:44

【摘要】：孝道是中国传统文化的重要组成部分,在中国历史上被许多朝代纳入法律以治理国家、维护社会安定。在当代,孝道中存在与现代法律相抵触的因素。因此,我们必须以法律的、批判的眼光继承和发展传统孝道,使孝道符合当代法律的要求。“十八大”以来,习近平总书记强调,“中国传统文化是民族的根,抛弃传统等于割断了自己的精神命脉,要继承和发扬中华优秀传统文化,要实现中国传统文化的创造性转化和创新性发展。”笔者撰写此文希望通过对传统孝道涵义的论述,分析其与现代法律精神一致与冲突的各个方面,并在前人研究的基础上试着提出一些新的其与现代法治融合的途径,为此领域的学术研究作出自己的贡献。本文分别采用了文献研究法,个案分析法,理论分析研究法等方法对研究问题加以研究并论述,旨在通过研究传统孝道文化的内涵,论述与当代社会发展相符合的因素以及需要剔除的部分,并初步探析传统孝道与现代法治相融合的路径。本文共分为四个部分,第一部分论述了传统孝道的内涵及历史演变。包括传统孝道的主要内容:养亲与敬亲、顺亲与谏亲、传宗接代、丧亲与祭亲、立身立功以显父母。孝道从夏商周时期的正式提出,到春秋战国时期由以孔子、孟子、老子为代表的儒家进行了深入的伦理化,汉代传统孝道在不断的发展中走上了“以孝治天下”的顶峰,唐朝传统孝道的主要特点是政治化和法律化,而到了宋朝直至清朝,传统孝道则开始变得愚昧化和极端化。传统孝道所谓糟粕的一面也开始产生并对当时甚至后世的人们的生活产生深刻的影响。到了近现代,传统孝道命途多舛,在经历过极端的批判后,有选择的将传统孝道的内涵适用于现代社会才是正确的态度。通过论述传统孝道的发展历程可以为全面了解孝道这一传统文化奠定基础并为后续的论述提供背景。第二部分论述了传统孝道在我国的当代价值及在现在法律中的体现。传统孝道虽有其消极的一面,但不可否认其在当代也具备许多价值。笔者主要从法律价值和社会价值两个方面展开论述。法律价值上,传统孝道可以为依法治国与以德治国的结合提供理论支持,有助于提高立法质量,同时为司法提供良好道德环境并增加人文色彩;社会价值上,传统孝道可以调整人际关系、促进社会和谐,有助于解决我国当前越来越严重的人口老龄化的社会养老问题,另外,传统孝道也可以促进反腐倡廉和廉政文化建设,推进我国公民道德建设、提供文化软实力。之后,笔者列举了我国现有法律中对孝道的体现,包含《宪法》、《婚姻法》、《继承法》等,通过对传统孝道当代价值的论述及对现有法律体现孝道规定的列举来论证传统孝道是具备可继承性的。第三部分论述了传统孝道与现代法治的冲突及其根源。传统孝道不符合当代的权力义务对等原则、人人平等观念,与我国民事法律中对财产权、婚姻权的规定相冲突,传统孝道中亲亲相隐、替亲代刑等内容与现行刑法原则也是相矛盾的,法律的外部性与孝道的内在性也造成了孝道与法律融合过程中的困难。通过论述传统孝道与我国现代法治中诸多制度的冲突及其根源,从而展开对后文传统孝道与现代法治融合发展的途径的论述。第四部分论述了传统孝道与现在法治融合发展的途径,首先,我们塑造性平权性的代际关系;其次,我们应以保护弱者的原则统领孝道与法治的融合;第三,我们应重视精神赡养的作用;第四,在解决老人赡养问题的相关诉讼中,积极发挥调解的作用;最后,我们要为孝的实现在全社会范围内创造条件,比如敬老假等。总之,探析传统孝道与现代法律的融合途径,首要目的是继承中华传统文化中孝道的积极成分,另一方面传统孝道蕴含的精神文化可以为当今的社会主义特色法治建设提供道德支撑;其次,有利于更好的保障老年人的合法权益,促进社会秩序的有序健康发展;再次,对于构建和谐社会、弘扬中华民族优秀传统文化、推进法治建设将会有很大意义。
[Abstract]:Filial piety is an important part of Chinese traditional culture, which has been brought into law by many dynasties in Chinese history to govern the country and maintain social stability. In contemporary times, there are some factors in filial piety that conflict with modern law. Therefore, we must inherit and develop traditional filial piety with a legal and critical perspective, so that filial piety meets the requirements of contemporary law. Since the 18th National Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping has stressed that "Chinese traditional culture is the root of the nation, abandoning tradition means cutting off one's own spiritual lifeline, inheriting and carrying forward Chinese excellent traditional culture, and realizing the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese traditional culture." On the basis of predecessors'research, this paper tries to put forward some new ways to integrate it with the modern rule of law, and makes its own contribution to the academic research in this field. This article is divided into four parts. The first part discusses the connotation and historical evolution of traditional filial piety. It includes the main contents of traditional filial piety: fostering and respecting relatives, obeying and admonishing relatives, succession of ancestors, mourning and offering sacrifices to relatives, and making contributions to show their parents. The traditional filial piety in the Tang Dynasty was characterized by politicization and legalization at the peak of "governing the world with filial piety". From the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the traditional filial piety began to become ignorant and extreme. After the extreme criticism, it is the correct attitude to apply the connotation of traditional filial piety to modern society selectively. The development of traditional filial piety can lay a foundation for a comprehensive understanding of the traditional culture of filial piety and provide a background for subsequent discussion. Although traditional filial piety has its negative side, it can not be denied that it also has a lot of value in the contemporary era. The author mainly discusses it from two aspects: legal value and social value. It can help to improve the quality of legislation, provide a good moral environment for the judiciary and increase the humanistic color; in social value, traditional filial piety can adjust interpersonal relations, promote social harmony, help to solve the problem of social support for the elderly, which is becoming more and more serious in China. In addition, traditional filial piety can also promote anti-corruption and honesty and clean government. After that, the author enumerates the manifestations of filial piety in the existing laws of our country, including the Constitution, Marriage Law and Inheritance Law. Through the discussion of the contemporary value of traditional filial piety and the enumeration of filial piety provisions in the existing laws, the author proves that traditional filial piety is inheritable. The third part discusses the conflict between the traditional filial piety and the modern rule of law and its origin. The externality of law and the internality of filial piety also make it difficult to integrate filial piety with law. By discussing the conflict between traditional filial piety and many systems of modern rule of law in our country and their origins, this paper expounds the ways to develop the integration of traditional filial piety and modern rule of law. Firstly, we should mold the intergenerational relationship of sexual equality; secondly, we should protect the weak to guide the integration of filial piety and the rule of law; thirdly, we should attach importance to the role of spiritual support; fourthly, we should play an active role in mediation in the relevant litigation to solve the problem of elderly support; finally, we should make filial piety a reality. In a word, to explore the ways of integration of traditional filial piety and modern law is to inherit the positive elements of filial piety in traditional Chinese culture. On the other hand, the spiritual culture contained in traditional filial piety can provide moral support for the construction of rule of law with socialist characteristics. It will help to better protect the legitimate rights and interests of the elderly and promote the orderly and healthy development of social order. Thirdly, it will be of great significance for building a harmonious society, promoting the fine traditional culture of the Chinese nation and promoting the construction of the rule of law.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B82-051

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