网络在政策形成中的作用研究
发布时间：2018-10-14 21:02
【摘要】：“你的意见将影响政策”,在网络媒体产生前,这种想法也许只是人们心中的“桃花源”,因为以前的民意表达渠道有限,如通过传统的大众媒体,但是传统媒体由于自身条件的限制对民意的采纳能力有限,这就导致民意的表达一直以来处于比较滞后的状态。如今,网络从方方面面渗入人们的生活,潜移默化的改变着人们言语表达和意见诉求的维度和广度,为民意的表达提供了比传统媒体更加便捷且更具可行性的渠道。 到今天,4.5亿网民的数字告诉我们,我国三分之一的人民手中掌握着网络这个“传声筒”,网络为每个人提供了一个对外“广播”的“个人媒体”,网络的开放性和包容性使得网民意见百花齐放,同时也使网民力量由分散的“点”整合凝聚成强大的“面”,其巨大的“合力”在政策的形成阶段所起到的作用不容小觑。正如一位网民所说:“网络让话语权下移,让精英走下殿堂,让官员放下身段,让以往民众不敢想象的事情变成可能”,民意通过网络平台聚集在一起,并且以更加敏锐的方式影响着政府决策的公共性机制。 本文将研究重点框定在近年来我国以政府为主体的政府治理政策上,细化了研究对象,同时通过对政策的详细解读得出政策是社会政治系统与社会环境系统互动的结果、是政治系统对外界环境压力所做出的反映、是压力与满足的产物,从而引出网络舆论是政策输入的一种形式,网络舆论的输入有利于形成科学化民主化政策,其前提条件有三:网民的素质、智力结构偏高;网民数量上的保证;网络已经成为一种公共设施。 本文系统分析了政策形成的机制,并由此引出网络在政策形成过程中不同与传统媒体的特有效果,即网络表达社会化使网络具有传统媒体没有的巩固放大功能、网络社群形成意志表达方面的结盟、网络有助于形成媒介化的政策、强化了政策论辩的非精英主义倾向、强化冲突扩散形成强大的舆论场、是比传统媒体更自由的话语与信息表达的“公共设施”。这些特有效果是本文研究的重点,本文详细分析了多个发轫于网络,经过民意的聚合最终影响政策的制定并取得良好的政策效果和社会效果的典型案例,例如孙志刚事件、厦门xp项目、劳动法、婚姻法、劳动合同法等多项法律法规的修订、带薪年假、传统节日法定化等政策的酝酿与形成过程中,网络能够充分、自由、真实的反映人民大众的意见,对普通民众意愿的表达发挥了主渠道作用,它能够迅速聚合民意,形成社会性舆论并最终影响政策走向。这种多案例的分析以及与传统媒体的对比是本文与以往研究不同的创新点。论文的最后补充说明了网络在形成政策的过程中存在着哪些不足之处,指出了网络在形成科学化民主化政策中有何需要改进之处。
[Abstract]:"your opinion will influence policy". Before the emergence of the online media, this idea may be just a "peach blossom" in people's minds, because in the past there were limited channels of expression of public opinion, such as through the traditional mass media. However, the traditional media has limited ability to adopt public opinion due to its own limitations, which leads to the expression of public opinion has been lagging behind. Nowadays, the network infiltrates people's life from every aspect, and changes the dimension and breadth of people's speech expression and opinion demand, which provides a more convenient and feasible channel than the traditional media for the expression of public opinion. Today, the number of 450 million Internet users tells us that 1/3 of the people in our country have the Internet in their hands. The Internet provides everyone with a "personal media" for "broadcasting" to the outside world. The openness and inclusiveness of the network make the netizens' opinions blossom, and at the same time, make the netizens' power from the scattered "points" to a strong "face", and its huge "joint force" plays an important role in the formation of the policy. As one netizen put it: "the Internet has moved the voice down, let the elite go down the hall, let the officials let go of their positions, and make possible things that the public did not dare to imagine in the past." the public opinion gathered together through the Internet platform. And more acutely affect the public mechanism of government decision-making. In this paper, the focus of the research is defined on the government governance policy with the government as the main body in recent years, and the research object is refined. At the same time, through the detailed interpretation of the policy, it is concluded that the policy is the result of the interaction between the social political system and the social environment system. It is the reaction of the political system to the pressure of the external environment and the product of pressure and satisfaction. Thus, network public opinion is a form of policy input, and the input of network public opinion is conducive to the formation of a scientific and democratic policy. There are three preconditions: the quality of Internet users, the high intellectual structure; the number of Internet users guarantee; the network has become a public facility. This paper systematically analyzes the mechanism of policy formation, and leads to the unique effect of network in the process of policy formation, that is, the socialization of network expression makes the network have the function of consolidation and amplification that traditional media do not have. The network community forms an alliance in the expression of will, and the network helps to form a mediating policy, strengthens the non-elitist tendency of policy debate, and strengthens the proliferation of conflicts to form a strong public opinion field. It is a "public facility" in which discourse and information are expressed more freely than traditional media. These unique effects are the focus of this study. This paper analyzes in detail several typical cases in which the network, through the aggregation of public opinion, ultimately influences the formulation of policies and achieves good policy and social effects, such as the Sun Zhigang incident. Xiamen xp project, labor law, marriage law, labor contract law and so on many laws and regulations revision, the paid annual leave, the traditional holiday legalization and so on policy brewing and the formation process, the network can be full, free, It reflects the opinions of the masses and plays a main role in the expression of the will of the ordinary people. It can quickly aggregate public opinion, form social public opinion and ultimately influence the direction of policy. This multi-case analysis and the contrast with the traditional media are different from the previous research in this paper. At the end of the paper, the author explains the shortcomings of the network in the process of forming the policy, and points out that the network should be improved in the process of forming the scientific policy of democratization.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G206
本文编号：2271636
[Abstract]:"your opinion will influence policy". Before the emergence of the online media, this idea may be just a "peach blossom" in people's minds, because in the past there were limited channels of expression of public opinion, such as through the traditional mass media. However, the traditional media has limited ability to adopt public opinion due to its own limitations, which leads to the expression of public opinion has been lagging behind. Nowadays, the network infiltrates people's life from every aspect, and changes the dimension and breadth of people's speech expression and opinion demand, which provides a more convenient and feasible channel than the traditional media for the expression of public opinion. Today, the number of 450 million Internet users tells us that 1/3 of the people in our country have the Internet in their hands. The Internet provides everyone with a "personal media" for "broadcasting" to the outside world. The openness and inclusiveness of the network make the netizens' opinions blossom, and at the same time, make the netizens' power from the scattered "points" to a strong "face", and its huge "joint force" plays an important role in the formation of the policy. As one netizen put it: "the Internet has moved the voice down, let the elite go down the hall, let the officials let go of their positions, and make possible things that the public did not dare to imagine in the past." the public opinion gathered together through the Internet platform. And more acutely affect the public mechanism of government decision-making. In this paper, the focus of the research is defined on the government governance policy with the government as the main body in recent years, and the research object is refined. At the same time, through the detailed interpretation of the policy, it is concluded that the policy is the result of the interaction between the social political system and the social environment system. It is the reaction of the political system to the pressure of the external environment and the product of pressure and satisfaction. Thus, network public opinion is a form of policy input, and the input of network public opinion is conducive to the formation of a scientific and democratic policy. There are three preconditions: the quality of Internet users, the high intellectual structure; the number of Internet users guarantee; the network has become a public facility. This paper systematically analyzes the mechanism of policy formation, and leads to the unique effect of network in the process of policy formation, that is, the socialization of network expression makes the network have the function of consolidation and amplification that traditional media do not have. The network community forms an alliance in the expression of will, and the network helps to form a mediating policy, strengthens the non-elitist tendency of policy debate, and strengthens the proliferation of conflicts to form a strong public opinion field. It is a "public facility" in which discourse and information are expressed more freely than traditional media. These unique effects are the focus of this study. This paper analyzes in detail several typical cases in which the network, through the aggregation of public opinion, ultimately influences the formulation of policies and achieves good policy and social effects, such as the Sun Zhigang incident. Xiamen xp project, labor law, marriage law, labor contract law and so on many laws and regulations revision, the paid annual leave, the traditional holiday legalization and so on policy brewing and the formation process, the network can be full, free, It reflects the opinions of the masses and plays a main role in the expression of the will of the ordinary people. It can quickly aggregate public opinion, form social public opinion and ultimately influence the direction of policy. This multi-case analysis and the contrast with the traditional media are different from the previous research in this paper. At the end of the paper, the author explains the shortcomings of the network in the process of forming the policy, and points out that the network should be improved in the process of forming the scientific policy of democratization.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G206
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