论我国消费者反悔权法律保护

发布时间：2018-01-17 14:26

本文关键词：论我国消费者反悔权法律保护　出处：《河北经贸大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着科技的不断进步,商品交易模式愈发多样化,通过邮购、电视、网络、电话等方式购买商品日益受到人们的青睐。在虚拟化和异地化的远程购物中,由于消费者不能直观的接触商品,了解商品的真实信息;而经营者大都宣传对其有利的信息,淡化乃至隐藏商品的不利信息,这使得消费者买到的商品往往与经营者的描述大相径庭。为了改善此种境况,2014年实施的《消费者权益保护法》赋予消费者在远程购物领域内以反悔权,此项立法是我国消费者权益保护的一大进步,但其落实却遇到了诸多困难。因此,对消费者反悔权进行理论与实践研究具有十分重要的意义。本文将梳理消费者反悔权的基础理论,分析我国消费者反悔权的法律规定及适用情况,在借鉴国外反悔权先进立法经验的基础上,就我国消费者反悔权的法律保护提出相应完善建议。本文除引言外,共分为以下四个部分:本文第一部分主要阐述消费者反悔权的基本理论。反悔权隶属形成权范畴,作为特殊的合同解除权其具有法定性、单方性、无因性、限定性以及无责性等特征。其正当性基础可从法理学的实质正义理论、契约自由理论、倾斜保护理论以及法经济学的成本收益理论获得支撑。第二部分围绕我国消费者反悔权的立法理念、立法发展及适用情况展开研究,并通过典型案例分析得出我国反悔权适用存在的问题。如消费者反悔权适用范围不清晰、商品“完好无损”的认定标准不明确、反悔权行使的期限制度不完备、以及法律后果不明确等。第三部分主要介绍了国外消费者反悔权保护的先进立法经验,重点对美国、英国和德国消费者反悔权的适用范围、行使期限及法律后果进行分析与研究,并从明确的反悔权适用范围、差异化的反悔权行使期限以及严格的经营者信息披露义务等角度凝练出可借鉴之处。第四部分则针对我国消费者反悔权法律适用存在的具体问题提出相应完善建议。一是完善消费者反悔权的成立及行使制度。如强化经营者告知义务与责任承担;颁布指导性文件,细化“完好无损”的认定标准;以及完善反悔权期限行使制度等。二是完善消费者反悔权的行政保护体系,如设置专门的行政机构、加大行政机关执法力度以及构建网络交易实名制诚信系统。三是构建多元化的消费纠纷解决机制,如构建消费纠纷行政裁决机制、完善消费纠纷仲裁制度和建立小额消费诉讼制度。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of science and technology, commodity trading mode has become more and more diversified, through mail order, television, network. Telephone and other ways to buy goods are increasingly popular. In the virtualization and remote shopping, because consumers can not intuitively contact with the goods, to understand the real information of goods; But the operator mostly propagandizes the beneficial information to it, desalinates even conceals the unfavorable information of the commodity, this causes the consumer to buy the commodity often to differ greatly with the operator's description, in order to improve this kind of situation. In 2014, the Law on Protection of Consumer Rights and interests was implemented to give consumers the right of retrogression in the field of long-distance shopping. This legislation is a great progress in the protection of consumers' rights and interests in China. However, its implementation has encountered many difficulties. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the theory and practice of consumers' rights of retrogression. This paper will sort out the basic theory of consumers' rights of retrogression. Based on the analysis of the legal provisions and application of Chinese consumers' right of retrogression, based on the advanced legislative experience of foreign countries, the author puts forward some suggestions for the legal protection of Chinese consumers' right of estoppel. Besides the introduction, this paper puts forward some suggestions for the improvement of the legal protection of the right of retrogression in our country. It is divided into the following four parts: the first part of this paper mainly expounds the basic theory of the consumer's right of retrogression. The right of estoppel belongs to the category of the right of formation, and as a special right of rescission of contract, it has legal, unilateral and non-cause nature. Its legitimacy can be based on the theory of substantial justice of jurisprudence and the theory of freedom of contract. The theory of tilt protection and the cost-benefit theory of law and economics are supported. The second part focuses on the legislative concept, the legislative development and the application of the right of consumer estoppel in China. And through the analysis of typical cases, we can find the problems existing in the application of the right of estoppel in our country. For example, the scope of application of the right of consumers to retract is not clear, the standard of "intact" is not clear, and the time limit system for the exercise of the right of estoppel is not complete. And the legal consequences are unclear. The third part mainly introduces the foreign advanced legislative experience of consumer estoppel protection, focusing on the United States, Britain and Germany, the scope of application of consumer estoppel. The duration of exercise and the legal consequences of the analysis and study, and from a clear scope of application of the right to estoppel. From the point of view of different exercise time limit and strict obligation of information disclosure of operator, we can draw lessons from it. Part 4th puts forward the corresponding perfection and construction in view of the concrete problems existing in the application of the law of consumer estoppel right in our country. The first is to perfect the establishment and exercise system of consumers' right of estoppel, for example, to strengthen the operators' obligation to inform and bear their responsibilities; Promulgate the guidance document, detailed "intact" the confirmation standard; The second is to perfect the administrative protection system, such as setting up special administrative agencies. The third is to build a diversified mechanism of consumer dispute resolution, such as the construction of administrative adjudication mechanism of consumer disputes. We will improve the arbitration system for consumer disputes and establish a small consumption litigation system.
【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.8

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