志愿服务侵权责任赔偿研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 03:31

本文选题：志愿服务 + 侵权行为　；参考：《沈阳师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国志愿服务事业近几年来得到了空前的发展,志愿者队伍也逐渐壮大,志愿者的身影已随处可见,小到社区清洁员、大到北京奥运会,近到车站疏导员,远到灾区抢险员。是志愿者们的无偿付出才使得国家这台大机器更好更快的运转。如今志愿服务已经走进了我们每一个公民的生活中,但我国志愿者的立法仍没有统一制定及实施,目前尚处在初级发展阶段。随着志愿服务活动的剧增,志愿者在志愿服务活动中的侵权行为也屡见不鲜,也由此引发了对志愿者侵权行为的研究。本文就针对志愿服务侵权责任赔偿问题进行分析,本文主要分为四部分:第一部分,主要介绍志愿服务侵权责任的理论分析,首先指明志愿服务侵权责任的四个构成要件,即存在志愿服务关系、存在损害事实、存在因果关系、主观上存在过错。又从过错责任及无过错责任角度分析志愿者侵权责任的归责原则最后提出以传统侵权法为主,法经济学为辅的救济思路。第二部分,主要梳理域外志愿服务侵权责任赔偿的经验,选取美国、德国和法国为例进行详细分析,美国有统一立法和财力保障、德国有管理制度和法律赔偿途径、法国有激励机制和风险意识的职业要求值得借鉴。第三部分,探讨志愿者服务侵权行为责任赔偿存在的问题,从管理规定、赔偿责任、赔偿方法三方面指出立法现状,并从志愿服务侵权责任缺乏统一的法律规定、缺乏明确的救济办法、缺乏合理的实现方法三方面提出我国志愿服务侵权责任赔偿的缺陷。第四部分,我国志愿服务侵权赔偿的完善建议,首先提出了完善志愿服务侵权责任的法律规定,加强培训制度、强化激励制度、建立保险制度。其次从赔偿主体及诉讼方式的选择、志愿服务赔偿基金制度的建立、政府赔偿保障的引入三个方面分析了完善志愿服务侵权赔偿的救济办法,最后以全部赔偿为主考虑实际经济为辅的赔偿原则来界定人身损害及财产损害的范围使受害人可以提起民事诉讼的方法来实现赔偿。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's voluntary service has been unprecedented development, the volunteer team is also gradually growing, the figure of volunteers have been everywhere, from community cleaners, to the Beijing Olympic Games, near to the station dredge, far to disaster rescue workers.It is the volunteers who pay free to make the country's big machine work better and faster.Nowadays, volunteer service has entered every citizen's life, but the legislation of volunteer in our country has not been unified and implemented, and it is still in the primary stage of development.With the rapid increase of volunteer service activities, the tort behavior of volunteers in voluntary service activities is common, which also leads to the study of volunteer tort behavior.This article mainly divides into four parts: the first part, mainly introduces the voluntary service tort liability theory analysis, first points out the voluntary service tort liability four constituent elements,That is, there exists voluntary service relationship, damage fact, causality and subjective fault.From the angle of fault liability and no-fault liability, this paper analyzes the principle of liability attribution of volunteer tort liability. Finally, it puts forward the idea of relief based on traditional tort law and supplemented by law and economics.The second part, mainly combing the experience of the foreign voluntary service tort liability compensation, taking the United States, Germany and France as the examples for detailed analysis, the United States has a unified legislation and financial protection, Germany has a management system and legal compensation channels.France has the incentive mechanism and the risk consciousness occupation request is worth drawing lessons from.The third part discusses the existing problems of liability compensation for volunteer service tort, and points out the legislative status quo from three aspects of management regulation, compensation liability and compensation method, and the lack of unified legal provisions from voluntary service tort liability.Lack of clear relief method, lack of reasonable realization of the three aspects of voluntary service tort liability compensation defects.The fourth part, our country volunteer service tort compensation consummate suggestion, first proposed the consummation voluntary service tort liability law stipulation, strengthens the training system, strengthens the incentive system, establishes the insurance system.Secondly, from the choice of the main body of compensation and the way of litigation, the establishment of the voluntary service compensation fund system and the introduction of the government compensation guarantee, this paper analyzes the relief methods to perfect the tort compensation for voluntary service.Finally, the compensation principle of taking all compensation as the main consideration, considering the actual economy as the supplement, is used to define the scope of personal injury and property damage so that the victim can file a civil lawsuit to realize the compensation.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923;D922.182.3

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