我国亲属身份权制度探究

发布时间：2018-04-24 07:26

本文选题：亲属身份权 + 历史沿革　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近些年来，随着社会经济的飞速发展，单纯的强调契约自由已经不能满足人们的需要。契约自由是形式上的正义，它提出的前提即忽略了人们之间存在的身份关系差别，默认为人与人之间都是平等的，而实际上这并不能满足实质正义的需要。在实际生活中，人们需要借以“身份关系”的调整，来平衡契约自由中存在的弊端，因此对于身份关系的研究越来越受到法学界的关注和重视。在身份关系中，亲属身份关系是其最基本和最重要的内容。众所周知，无论古今中外，亲属身份关系是每个人都能够享有的与生俱来的权利。它是随着人的出生自然享有的，而不是后天被赋予的。它是人在社会上赖以生存的基础和前提，任何人离开亲属关系，都是无法成长起来的。因此，，亲属身份权一直以来都具有不可估量的重要地位。而遗憾的是，关于亲属身份权的研究并没有引起学界的足够重视。目前对于亲属身份权的研究很少，以至于至今我国也没有形成完整的亲属身份权理论体系和专门的亲属身份关系法律制度。这对于亲属身份关系的法律保护是十分不利的，对于解决司法领域存在的诸多纠纷，也突显出因理论匮乏导致的显失公平的尴尬困境。因此，对于亲属身份权的研究是迫切需要解决的问题。本文通过比较分析方法、历史分析方法和价值分析方法等论证方法，对这个问题进行论证。以期能够为未来亲属身份权法的立法工作提供理论支持，为实现个人权利、维护亲属间权益、保障家庭利益和促进社会和谐发展起到积极的促进作用。本文分为四大部分：第一部分通过对亲属身份权的性质、特征等方面对其概念进行论证分析，确定了亲属身份权究竟为何的基本理论前提。第二部分通过对从古至今、国内及国外亲属身份权发展的历史沿革的梳理，探究亲属身份权的历史理论渊源和本质变化，明确了现今亲属身份权既不是历史上对家族的特权、绝对的支配权、局限于具体人格权的亲属身份权，也不是中国封建社会中的族权、父权、夫权。亲属身份权是基于亲属的身份关系事实，而享有的平等、自由的权利与义务。第三部分论证亲属身份权法律保护的现状，探究现有法律制度对亲属身份权如何进行保护。明确了当代亲属身份关系间的很多权利与义务，在宪法和各个法律部门都予以了相应的规定，民法、刑法和行政法也对其进行了不同方式的保护。第四部分对当代中国亲属身份权立法与保护实践进行反思和重塑，分析我国亲属身份权立法与保护存在的缺陷和不足，并对其提出解决路径。笔者认为，应在遵从亲属身份利益最大化原则及维护和促进家庭和谐原则基础上，尊重传统习俗和道德观念，在立法思路上创新，同时借鉴国外成熟立法经验，学习其先进立法技术，采取科学的立法模式和体系，完整详细地制定我国的亲属身份权法。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of social economy, the emphasis on freedom of contract has been unable to meet the needs of people. Freedom of contract is formal justice, which puts forward the premise of neglecting the difference of identity relationship between people, and acquiescing that all people are equal, but in fact, this can not meet the needs of substantive justice. In real life, people need to adjust the "identity relationship" to balance the disadvantages in the freedom of contract. Therefore, the study of the identity relationship has been paid more and more attention to by the legal circles. In the identity relationship, the relative identity relationship is its most basic and the most important content. As we all know, kinship is the birthright of every human being. It is natural with the birth of human beings, not given the day after. It is the foundation and premise of human survival in society, and no one can grow up without kinship. Therefore, the right to the status of relatives has always had an immeasurable importance. Unfortunately, the research on the right of relative identity has not attracted enough attention. At present, there is little research on the right of kinship identity, so far our country has not formed a complete theoretical system of the right to the identity of relatives and a special legal system of the relationship between relatives. This is very disadvantageous to the legal protection of the relationship of relative identity, and it also highlights the embarrassing predicament of the obvious inequity caused by the lack of theory to solve many disputes in the judicial field. Therefore, the research on the right of relative identity is an urgent problem to be solved. This paper demonstrates this problem by comparative analysis method, historical analysis method and value analysis method. In order to provide theoretical support for the future legislation of the right of relative identity law, to realize individual rights, to safeguard the rights and interests of relatives, to protect the interests of families and to promote the harmonious development of society. This paper is divided into four parts: In the first part, the author proves and analyzes the concept of the right of relative identity in terms of its nature and characteristics, and determines the basic theoretical premise of the right of relative identity. The second part, by combing the history of the development of the right of relative identity in China and abroad from ancient times to the present, explores the historical theoretical origin and essential changes of the right to the identity of relatives, and makes it clear that the right to the status of relatives is not a privilege to the family in history. The absolute power of domination is limited to the right of relative identity of the specific personality right, and is not the clan right, paternal right, and husband right in the feudal society of China. The right of kinship's identity is based on the fact of the relative's identity relationship, and the equal, free right and duty. The third part demonstrates the current situation of legal protection of the right of relative identity, and probes into how the existing legal system protects the right of relative identity. It clarifies many rights and obligations between the status relations of contemporary relatives, which are stipulated in the Constitution and various legal departments, and protected in different ways by civil law, criminal law and administrative law. In the fourth part, the author rethinks and reconstructs the legislation and protection practice of the right of relative identity in contemporary China, analyzes the defects and shortcomings of the legislation and protection of the right of relative identity in China, and puts forward the way to solve it. The author believes that, on the basis of following the principle of maximizing the benefits of relatives' identity and maintaining and promoting family harmony, we should respect traditional customs and moral concepts, innovate in legislative thinking, and learn from the mature legislative experience of foreign countries at the same time. Learn its advanced legislation technology, adopt the scientific legislative model and system, complete and elaborate the law of the right of relative identity in our country.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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