人事保证制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 12:18

本文选题：人事保证 + 损害担保契约　；参考：《西南政法大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：人事保证制度在我国古代商品经济发展中已有体现,在国外立法和实践中也得到了妥善的运用。但是,我国现行法律未明确规定人事保证制度,使其在理论研究和司法实践中都存在很大的争议。本文回顾了人事保证制度的发展进程,运用比较法考察的方式分析中外人事保证立法的相关规定,并结合司法案例对人事保证制度在我国的构建提出设想。全文共分为五个部分:第一部分:人事保证之基本内容及定性。文章开篇介绍人事保证的概念、特征及主要类型。本文讨论的人事保证限于狭义的人事保证,它作为保证的一种特殊形式,不仅适用对象具有特殊性,还兼具专属性和从属性,具有情谊性、无偿性、继续性、不可预见性、不可撤回性。为了进一步研究后文提及的人事保证的相关问题,就必须明确人事保证的定性,该部分围绕学理上关于人事保证性质的三种说法(普通保证说、损害担保契约说及特殊保证说)展开讨论,得出人事保证属于特殊保证说的结论。第二部分:我国人事保证制度的发展历程及现状。该部分介绍我国人事保证制度发展的历史,梳理人事保证制度在封建社会、民国期间、建国初期、改革开放四个阶段社会生活中的适用情况,归纳人事保证制度的发展现状,指出我国社会生活中存在人事保证适用的社会基础。第三部分:人事保证之比较法考察。该部分主要介绍了诸多国家及我国台湾地区人事保证的立法、判例,通过介绍人事保证的类型、保证期间、权利义务关系及效力来了解人事保证制度,以期为后文构建我国人事保证制度提供启发。第四部分:人事保证制度在我国司法审判中的争议。这部分主要是阐述人事保证合同在我国法院审判中的适用。首先介绍最高法院关于人事保证合同的两个复函和最高法院于2001年发布的第五期公报案例,对最高法院的态度形成认识;其次通过对比地方法院关于人事保证合同的判决,将地方法院司法实践中处理人事保证合同纠纷的争议凸显出来;最后,整理出影响人事保证合同效力判定需要考量的因素,以期为此类案件的审判提供参考。第五部分:我国人事保证制度的构建。该部分核心思想是倡导在我国建立人事保证制度,将人事保证纳入立法保护的范畴,也可以借助“忠诚保证保险”弥补我国立法的不足。首先,本章阐述了学理上针对人事保证持有的肯定观、否定观,从保护劳动者的利益角度出发得出支持人事保证入法的结论,并进一步提出构建人事保证制度的必要性,探讨人事保证的适用范围。其次,提出构建人事保证制度的立法构想,分析人事保证制度的立法模式选择,倡导学习我国台湾地区的立法模式,主张将人事保证合同纳入民法典,将人事保证置于《担保法》保证制度中单列一节予以调整。最后,建议限定保证期间及保证金额、赋予保证人先诉抗辩权和减免赔偿权、苛责雇用人审慎选任、通知、监管义务来合理分配分险,另指出引进英美法系的“忠诚保证保险”也不失为解决人事保证纠纷的良策。
[Abstract]:The system of personnel guarantee has been embodied in the development of China's ancient commodity economy and has been properly used in foreign legislation and practice. However, the current law in our country does not specify the system of personnel guarantee, so that there are great disputes in both theoretical research and judicial practice. This article reviews the development process of the personnel guarantee system and carries out the development of the system. The article analyzes the relevant provisions of the Chinese and foreign personnel guarantee legislation with the comparative method, and combines the judicial cases to put forward the idea of the construction of the personnel guarantee system in our country. The full text is divided into five parts: the first part: the basic content and the qualitative of the personnel guarantee. The article introduces the concept, characteristics and main types of the personnel guarantee. This article discusses this article. The personnel guarantee is limited to the narrow sense of personnel guarantee. As a special form of guarantee, it not only applies the particularity of the object, but also has the specificity and the attribute, the friendship, the gratuitous nature, the continuity, the unforeseeable, and the irrevocability. In order to further study the related problems of the personnel guarantee mentioned in the post, we must make clear the personnel The quality of the guarantee is discussed around three kinds of theories about the nature of the personnel guarantee (common guarantee, damage guarantee contract and special guarantee), and the conclusion is drawn that the personnel guarantee belongs to the special guarantee. The second part: the development course and present situation of the personnel guarantee system in China. This part introduces the personnel guarantee system of our country. The history of development, combing the application of the personnel guarantee system in the four stages of the social life in the feudal society, the Republic of China, the Republic of China, the reform and opening up and the opening up, summarized the development status of the personnel guarantee system, and pointed out the social foundation of the application of the personnel guarantee in our social life. The third part: the comparison of the personnel guarantee. This paper mainly introduces the legislation and jurisprudence of personnel guarantee in many countries and Taiwan areas in China. By introducing the types of personnel guarantee, the relationship of rights and obligations and effectiveness to understand the personnel guarantee system, it is expected to provide inspiration for the establishment of the personnel guarantee system in our country. The fourth part: the contention of the personnel guarantee system in the judicial trial of our country. This part mainly expounds the application of the personnel guarantee contract in the court trial of our country. First, it introduces the two letters of the Supreme Court on the personnel guarantee contract and the fifth issue of the communique issued by the Supreme Court in 2001, and makes a understanding of the attitude of the Supreme Court; secondly, the judgment on the personnel guarantee contract is compared with the local court. In the fifth part, the fifth part: the construction of the personnel guarantee system in our country. The core idea of this part is to promote the establishment of personnel in our country. In order to guarantee the system, the personnel guarantee is included in the scope of legislative protection, and the "loyalty guarantee insurance" can be used to make up for the shortage of legislation in China. First, this chapter expounds the conclusion of the affirmative view, negative view and the conclusion of supporting the personnel guarantee from the angle of protecting the interests of the workers, and further puts forward the conclusion. The necessity of constructing the personnel guarantee system and the scope of the application of the personnel guarantee are discussed. Secondly, the legislative conception of the establishment of the personnel guarantee system is proposed, the selection of the legislative mode of the personnel guarantee system is analyzed, the legislative mode of the Taiwan area in our country is advocated, and the personnel guarantee contract is included in the civil code, and the personnel guarantee is placed under the guarantee law. In the system, one section of the system is adjusted. Finally, it is suggested that the guarantee period and the amount of guarantee should be limited, and the guarantor is given the right of pleading and the right of remission and remission.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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