论动产登记对抗主义

发布时间：2018-07-12 10:04

本文选题：登记对抗 + 动产　；参考：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国2007年颁布的《物权法》采取的物权变动模式是登记生效和登记对抗的二元化立法体系,登记生效主义一直是学者们理论研究中的热点和重点,然而对于登记对抗主义的研究却尚显不足,更何况动产项下的登记对抗主义。《物权法》第23条和24条规定了船舶、航空器、机动车等特殊动产物权变动采取交付生效加登记对抗主义,未经登记不得对抗善意第三人,《物权法》第188条和189条规定了动产抵押权同样采取合同生效成立加登记对抗主义,未经登记不得对抗善意第三人。本文论述的核心对象便是登记对抗主义下的特殊动产物权和动产抵押权,主要通过列举阐述各国的立法例和相应的学说观点,着重对动产所有权的取得要件和动产抵押权的公示方法进行分析阐述,发现制度适用中的困境与难题,提出相应的完善措施和解决建议,以期能够完善我国的物权法立法,构建清晰规整的物权变动理论体系。本文除导言之外,共分为五章。第一章是动产登记对抗主义的概述。首先,从登记对抗主义的本源出发,探析它的制度价值基础——意思自治和物权支配性,以法国法和日本法中的登记对抗主义为切入点具体分析这一制度的制度结构:“不得对抗”的含义应采用“第三人主张说”,唯有善意第三人提出反驳之时,才视为物权变动的效力对该第三人不发生;“善意第三人”范围的界定应适用“限制说”较为合理。第二章是动产所有权登记对抗主义的规则适用。首先分析特殊动产所有权登记的性质和效力:登记行为作为民事主体之间的私法行为,不仅具备对抗效力,还彰显出物权公示制度的公信力,通过阐述各国立法例以及各种学说观点,得出特殊动产所有权的取得应适用“交付主义”这一结论并给出相应的理由。第三章是动产抵押权登记对抗主义的规则适用。结构篇幅类似于第二章节,首先认定动产抵押权的登记行为应为民事行为而非行政行为,登记作为动产抵押权的对抗要件同样具有公示力、公信力等效力,通过比较研究各种动产抵押权的公示方法进而得出动产抵押权的公示方式宜采取“登记生效主义”这一观点,并对我国登记对抗主义公示方法给出分析评价。第四章是动产登记对抗主义的制度价值与困境。在前三章的铺垫下,发现登记对抗主义作为当今物权公示制度的立法趋势虽有着无可替代的优点,却也给理论界和实务界带来了无法避免的困扰,这些困扰分别体现在:登记对抗主义下的不具对抗力的物权与物权绝对性理论相矛盾,司法解释的不完备带来了实践中的适用难题,抵押权不转移占有的特征与动产物权的占有公示方式形成了动产抵押制度的二元公示冲突,并引发了诸多权利主体之间的利益冲突。第五章是动产登记对抗主义的制度完善。针对第四章中动产登记对抗主义适用过程中出现的一系类理论和实践困境,相对应地提出一系列的制度构想,如特殊动产物权变动中登记和交付的双重效力、动产抵押权的占有二次公示、苛以抵押人告知的法定义务、建立有限的动产抵押制度等。以消除矛盾冲突、构建和谐的民法体系为目的,提出适合我国动产物权变动的相关路径。
[Abstract]:The mode of real right change adopted in the "property law" issued by China in 2007 is the two yuan legislative system of registration effective and registration confrontation, and registration effective doctrine has always been a hot and key point in the theoretical research of scholars. However, the research on registration adversarial is still insufficient, let alone the registration antagonism under the chattel. < Property Law > twenty-third. The article and the 24 article stipulate that the changes in the real property rights of special movables such as ships, aircraft, motor vehicles and other special movables are taken into effect and registered antagonism, and the third persons in good faith are not allowed to be registered without registration. The property law > 188th and 189 stipulate that the mortgage of chattel is also taken into effect and registered adversary is also taken into effect, and not against the bona fide third persons without registration. The core object of this article is to register the special chattel property and chattel mortgage under the registration adversary system, mainly by enumerating the legislative and theoretical views of various countries, focusing on the analysis and exposition of the important elements of the ownership of the movable property and the public means of the chattel mortgage, and finding out the difficulties and difficulties in the application of the system. The corresponding improvement measures and solutions are expected to perfect our country's property law legislation and build a clear and orderly system of real right change theory. Besides the introduction, this article is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is an overview of the anti chattel registration adversary system. First, from the origin of the registration adversary system, the value foundation of its system is discussed. The rule of governance and domination of real right is to analyze the institutional structure of the system in French law and Japanese law. The "third party assertion" should be adopted in the meaning of "no confrontation". Only when the third people in good faith put forward the refutation, it is considered that the effect of the change of real right does not occur to the third people; "good faith" third people. The definition of scope should be more reasonable to apply the "restriction". The second chapter is the application of the rules of the adversary system of the registration of movable property. First, it analyzes the nature and effect of the registration of special movables: the registration act, as a private law between the civil subject, not only has the antagonism effect, but also highlights the credibility of the system of public property publicity. This paper expounds the legislative and various doctrines of various countries, and draws the conclusion that the ownership of special movables should be applied to the conclusion of "delivery doctrine" and gives the corresponding reasons. The third chapter is the application of the rules of the anti chattel registration adversary system. The structure length is similar to the second chapter, and first recognise the registration of the chattel mortgage as a civil line. For the non administrative act, the registration as the counterpart of the mortgage of movable property also has the power of publicity, public trust and so on. By comparing the public means of the mortgage of various movable property, the view of "registration effective doctrine" should be adopted by the public indication of the mortgage of the movable property, and the public indication method of China's registration adversary is given. The fourth chapter is the institutional value and predicament of the anti chattel registration adversary system. Under the foreshadowing of the first three chapters, it is found that although the legislative trend of the registration antagonism as the current real right public notice system has irreplaceable advantages, it has also brought unavoidable troubles to the theoretical and practical circles, which are reflected in the registration confrontation, respectively. The non confrontational property right and the absolute theory of real right are contradictory. The incomplete judicial interpretation brings about the practical problems in practice. The characteristics of the non transfer of the right of mortgage and the public representation of the real right of chattel form the two yuan public conflict of the chattel mortgage system, and cause the conflict of interests among the many rights subjects. The fifth chapter is the perfect system of the anti chattel registration adversary system. According to the category theory and practical predicament in the fourth chapter of the application of the adversary system of the chattel registration, a series of system ideas are put forward, such as the double effect of registration and delivery in the change of real property in special movables, the possession of the right of chattel mortgage is two times, and it is offset by the law. In order to eliminate conflicts and build a harmonious civil law system, the author puts forward the relevant path that is suitable for the change of real right of chattel in China.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.2

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