面向公私法接轨的老年人意定监护制度研究

发布时间：2018-07-12 18:03

本文选题：监护制度 + 私法自治　；参考：《西南政法大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在传统民法向现代民法转型的进程中,在最大限度捍卫私法自治的前提下,国家应当处于能动之地位,而不能只做一个消极的“守夜人”。公权诞生的最初目的一乃援助私权之充分实现,二为发挥社会资源的高效利用效率及保证公平以看得见的方式实现,防范资源无意义的搁置或被无序地争夺浪费,进而维护公共秩序和保障社会福利之井然。质言之,社会转轨时期私法自治与国家监管两者不可偏废而又相互为用。老年人意定监护制度首次得以在《老年人权益保障法》确定,满足了老龄化时代之历史需求,也顺应了国际人权保障的历史发展趋势,更是弥补了老年人在监护版块的立法空白,然而该制度仍存在以下两处不足:一是怠于强化国家适当干预义务,二是具体制度设计不甚科学。本文立足于老年人意定监护制度的运行现状,深入剖析其尚存在的立法缺陷,考察与借鉴了两大法系中意定监护制度的可行模式,以此论证公私法接轨植入该制度的正当性及必要性,并进一步系统探讨落实完善制度中彰显私法自治的委任监护合同及凸显公权力适当干预的监护监督机制,以实现该制度立法目的、捍卫老年群体利益。第一部分,老年人意定监护制度法律规制现状。包括监护的概念界定、监护制度的功能;法定监护及指定监护在对老年人群体保护的缺憾;老年人意定监护制度的优越性;老年人意定监护制度的概念;老年人意定监护制度的诞生的历史必然性。第二部分,老年人意定监护制度法律规制缺憾。虽该制度顺应了老龄时代的到来,弥补了老年人监护的立法空白,但该制度理念稍显落后,制度设计不甚科学,表现为监护对象偏狭、监护人资格不明确、监护合同内容和生效要件不清、监护监督机制不健全。第三部分,老年人意定监护制度的域外法考察。通过梳理两大法系意定监护制度的发展演变过程,并深入剖析可持续性代理权授予制度、任意监护制度这两种比较成熟的意定监护立法模式,以期挖掘完善我国老年人意定监护制度的可行路径。第四部分,完善老年人意定监护制度。在第二部分阐述该制度的立法缺憾基础上,适当借鉴域外的成熟、可行经验,本部分试图对制度的路径选择及其具体架构进行论述。私法自治与国家管制从来都是你中有我,我中有你,两者应辩证统一于老年人意定监护制度的施行中。第一节论证以公私法接轨为路径植入老年人意定监护制度的必要性。第二节则进一步阐明具体如何建构公私法接轨的老年人意定监护制度。制度具体设计包括彰显私法自治的委任监护合同及凸显公权力适当介入的监护监督机制。
[Abstract]:In the process of transition from traditional civil law to modern civil law, under the premise of defending autonomy of private law to the maximum extent, the state should be in a dynamic position and not only be a passive "night-watchman". The first purpose of the birth of public right is to fully realize the aid of private rights, and the second is to bring into play the efficiency of social resources and ensure that the fairness is realized in a visible way, and to prevent the useless or disorderly waste of resources. Then maintain public order and safeguard social welfare well ran. In short, in the period of social transition, autonomy of private law and state supervision can not be neglected and used for each other. The system of voluntary guardianship of the elderly has been established for the first time in the Law on the Protection of the Rights and interests of the elderly, meeting the historical needs of the aging era and complying with the historical trend of international human rights protection, But the system still has the following two deficiencies: one is to strengthen the appropriate state intervention obligations, the other is the specific system design is not very scientific. Based on the current situation of the system, this paper deeply analyzes its existing legislative defects, and investigates and draws lessons from the feasible mode of the system in the two legal systems. In order to demonstrate the legitimacy and necessity of the system embedded in the public and private law, and to further systematically explore the implementation of the system to improve the private law autonomy of the appointment of guardianship contracts and public power to highlight the appropriate intervention of guardianship supervision mechanism, In order to achieve the legislative purpose of the system, safeguard the interests of the elderly group. The first part, the current situation of the legal regulation of the system. It includes the definition of the concept of guardianship, the function of guardianship system, the imperfection of legal guardianship and designated guardianship in the protection of the elderly group, the superiority of the system of guardianship of the elderly, the concept of the system of guardianship of the elderly. The historical inevitability of the birth of the system. The second part, the legal regulation of the elderly care system is deficient. Although the system conforms to the coming of the old age and makes up for the legislative blank of the guardianship of the elderly, the concept of the system is slightly backward, the design of the system is not very scientific, and it shows that the object of guardianship is narrow and the qualification of guardian is not clear. The contents and effective requirements of guardianship contract are not clear, and the supervision mechanism of guardianship is not perfect. The third part is the investigation of the extraterritorial law of the system of elderly people's preferred guardianship. Through combing the development and evolution process of the Italian guardianship system in the two major legal systems, and deeply analyzing the sustainable agency grant system and the arbitrary guardianship system, these two more mature legislative models of Italian guardianship are analyzed. In order to explore and improve the elderly care system in China feasible path. The fourth part, consummates the old person to decide the guardianship system. In the second part, on the basis of the legislative shortcomings of the system, and draw lessons from the mature and feasible experience, this part tries to discuss the path choice and the specific structure of the system. The autonomy of private law and state control have always been between the self and the self, and the two should be dialectically unified in the implementation of the system of voluntary guardianship for the elderly. The first section demonstrates the necessity of implanting the elderly care system with the combination of public and private laws. The second section further expounds how to construct the private-public-law system. The specific design of the system includes the appointment and guardianship contract of private law autonomy and the guardianship supervision mechanism which highlights the proper involvement of public power.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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