宅基地使用权收回制度研究
发布时间：2018-07-14 16:09
【摘要】：宅基地满足了我国农民的基本居住需求,是我国法律为农民所构建的带有社会福利和保障性质的制度,对于维护农村社会的稳定至关重要。随着城镇化的推进出现了农村宅基地闲置严重而城镇土地资源供应紧张的矛盾局面,而宅基地使用权收回制度的构建,可以在城镇建设用地与农村宅基地之间建立联系,实现农村土地的集约利用,为城镇化注入活力。同时,构建合理的收回制度可以保障农民集体的土地所有权及其主体地位,防止农村土地资源外流。但纵观现行有关宅基地使用权的法律,即未明确界定收回的内涵、性质,也存在着收回条件不规范、收回程序和补偿规范缺失等问题,这都说明了法律尚未构建完整的收回制度。而实践中“权力本位”的宅基地使用权收回模式也存在诸多缺陷。此外,学界未将宅基地使用权收回作为一项整体的法律制度进行研究,研究中缺乏权利义务的法律逻辑思维,且注重实体性研究轻程序性研究。因而本文构建的宅基地使用权收回制度拟解决收回在法律上、实践中、现有研究中存在的问题,从而构建完善的宅基地使用权收回制度。本文共分为四个部分:第一部分主要探讨宅基地使用权收回的原因。本文从农村及城镇两方面分析说明构建宅基地使用权收回制度的必要性,认为收回的主要原因有农村宅基地闲置严重、集体土地所有权虚化以及城镇建设用地供应紧张。第二部分主要探讨宅基地使用权收回的依据。本文从《物权法》、《土地管理法》等法律法规中分析收回的法律依据;以物权变动理论、用益物权消灭理论来阐明收回的内涵及权利基础,从而明确收回的理论依据。第三部分主要探讨现行宅基地使用权收回模式及其存在的缺陷。本文通过对实践中形成的“权力本位”宅基地使用权收回模式的分析,总结出该收回模式存在的缺陷主要有:政府滥用行政管理权、农民集体的主体地位被忽视、宅基地使用权人抵制收回以及法律法规缺乏规制作用。第四部分主要探讨如何构建完整的宅基地使用权收回制度。本文将宅基地使用权收回制度置身于用益物权消灭的原因中探讨,运用物权变动理论、用益物权消灭理论明确收回的内涵以及权利基础,以收回的权利基础为参考构建全面的收回制度,将以农民集体的终止权为权利基础的强制收回制度和以双方物权行为为基础的协商收回制度一同纳入到宅基地使用权收回制度之中,使两种制度形成合力共同作用,这也是本文的一大创新之处。
[Abstract]:The homestead meets the basic living needs of the peasants in our country. It is a system of social welfare and security constructed by the law of our country for the peasants. It is very important to maintain the stability of the rural society. With the development of urbanization, there is a contradiction between the idle of rural homestead and the tight supply of urban land resources, and the construction of the system of reclaiming the right to use the homestead can establish a link between the urban construction land and the rural homestead. Realize the intensive utilization of rural land, inject vitality for urbanization. At the same time, the construction of a reasonable recovery system can protect the collective land ownership and its main position, and prevent the outflow of rural land resources. However, there are still some problems in the current laws concerning the right to use of homestead, that is, the connotation and nature of recovery are not clearly defined, the conditions of recovery are not standardized, the procedure of recovery and the lack of norm of compensation, and so on. This shows that the law has not yet constructed a complete system of recovery. In practice, there are many defects in the mode of usufruct recovery of homestead based on power. In addition, the academic circles did not take the usufruct of homestead as a whole legal system to study, lack of legal logic thinking of rights and obligations in the study, and pay attention to substantive research light procedural research. Therefore, the system of recovery of the right to use the homestead constructed in this paper is intended to solve the problems existing in the existing research in the law and practice, and thus to construct a perfect system of the recovery of the right to use the homestead. This article is divided into four parts: the first part mainly discusses the reasons for the recovery of the right to use homestead. This paper analyzes the necessity of constructing the system of recovering the right to use the homestead from the two aspects of the countryside and the town, and points out that the main reasons for the recovery are the serious idle of the rural homestead, the fictitious ownership of the collective land and the shortage of the supply of the urban construction land. The second part mainly discusses the basis of the recovery of the right to use the homestead. This paper analyzes the legal basis of recovery from the laws and regulations such as Real right Law and Land Management Law, and clarifies the connotation and right basis of recovery with the theory of real right change and the theory of usufruct right elimination, so as to clarify the theoretical basis of recovery. The third part mainly discusses the current homestead usufruct recovery mode and its existence flaw. Based on the analysis of the recovery mode of the right to use the homestead formed in practice, this paper summarizes the defects of the recovery mode: the government abuses the administrative power, and the main status of the peasant collective is ignored. The right to use the homestead resists the recovery and lacks the regulation function of the laws and regulations. The fourth part mainly discusses how to construct the complete homestead usufruct system. In this paper, we put the system of usufruct recovery in the cause of usufruct elimination, and use the theory of property right change and the theory of usufruct elimination to clarify the connotation and right basis of repossession. To build a comprehensive recovery system based on the right basis of recovery, The compulsory recovery system based on the collective termination right of farmers and the negotiation recovery system based on the act of real right of both sides are brought into the recovery system of the right to use the homestead together, so that the two systems form a joint force. This is also a major innovation of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.2
本文编号：2122196
[Abstract]:The homestead meets the basic living needs of the peasants in our country. It is a system of social welfare and security constructed by the law of our country for the peasants. It is very important to maintain the stability of the rural society. With the development of urbanization, there is a contradiction between the idle of rural homestead and the tight supply of urban land resources, and the construction of the system of reclaiming the right to use the homestead can establish a link between the urban construction land and the rural homestead. Realize the intensive utilization of rural land, inject vitality for urbanization. At the same time, the construction of a reasonable recovery system can protect the collective land ownership and its main position, and prevent the outflow of rural land resources. However, there are still some problems in the current laws concerning the right to use of homestead, that is, the connotation and nature of recovery are not clearly defined, the conditions of recovery are not standardized, the procedure of recovery and the lack of norm of compensation, and so on. This shows that the law has not yet constructed a complete system of recovery. In practice, there are many defects in the mode of usufruct recovery of homestead based on power. In addition, the academic circles did not take the usufruct of homestead as a whole legal system to study, lack of legal logic thinking of rights and obligations in the study, and pay attention to substantive research light procedural research. Therefore, the system of recovery of the right to use the homestead constructed in this paper is intended to solve the problems existing in the existing research in the law and practice, and thus to construct a perfect system of the recovery of the right to use the homestead. This article is divided into four parts: the first part mainly discusses the reasons for the recovery of the right to use homestead. This paper analyzes the necessity of constructing the system of recovering the right to use the homestead from the two aspects of the countryside and the town, and points out that the main reasons for the recovery are the serious idle of the rural homestead, the fictitious ownership of the collective land and the shortage of the supply of the urban construction land. The second part mainly discusses the basis of the recovery of the right to use the homestead. This paper analyzes the legal basis of recovery from the laws and regulations such as Real right Law and Land Management Law, and clarifies the connotation and right basis of recovery with the theory of real right change and the theory of usufruct right elimination, so as to clarify the theoretical basis of recovery. The third part mainly discusses the current homestead usufruct recovery mode and its existence flaw. Based on the analysis of the recovery mode of the right to use the homestead formed in practice, this paper summarizes the defects of the recovery mode: the government abuses the administrative power, and the main status of the peasant collective is ignored. The right to use the homestead resists the recovery and lacks the regulation function of the laws and regulations. The fourth part mainly discusses how to construct the complete homestead usufruct system. In this paper, we put the system of usufruct recovery in the cause of usufruct elimination, and use the theory of property right change and the theory of usufruct elimination to clarify the connotation and right basis of repossession. To build a comprehensive recovery system based on the right basis of recovery, The compulsory recovery system based on the collective termination right of farmers and the negotiation recovery system based on the act of real right of both sides are brought into the recovery system of the right to use the homestead together, so that the two systems form a joint force. This is also a major innovation of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.2
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