金融消费者的概念界定

发布时间：2018-07-26 06:16

【摘要】：金融市场作为典型的国外舶来的新兴市场,在我国起步较晚,发展不成熟,仍处于发展初期。但随着我国经济社会的不断加速发展,金融改革持续深化,金融行业的发展异常迅猛,并且在形式上也不断进行创新,金融商品与服务越来越融入百姓的日常生活。尽管金融消费在社会生活中已经屡见不鲜,社会大众也逐渐的接受了“金融消费者“的概念,但是这一概念至今仍未被作为一个法律概念,更没有确定它的法定内涵和外延。我国现行法律层面中,《消费者权益保护法》作为保护消费者权益的主要法律,由于其制定的年代较为久远,保护的重点是作为普通商品和服务接受者的消费者,金融消费者作为新兴的概念在现有的法律中始终没有涉及该说法,对银行、证券、保险等行业中接受或享有金融商品和服务的消费者多称之为存款人、投资人、投保人、受益人、委托人等。在规章和规范性文件中虽然出现了“金融消费者”,但是这些规章和规范性文件都回避对“金融消费者”下定义,在提及时也多是为了做“保护金融消费者合法权益”表述,而在牵涉到权利义务规范时多用“客户”、“消费者”或“投资者”之类的传统概念来替代“金融消费者”出现。因此,现有《消费者权益保护法》在解决与普通消费存有差异的金融消费过程中产生的问题方面则显得有些捉襟见肘和力不从心了。然而,随着金融业的不断发展,一方面大众对金融产品的消费数量逐年增加,而专业知识又相对缺乏;另一方面,市场对金融市场发生的问题无法发挥自我调节的杠杆作用。内外同时作用,导致金融产品和服务销售者在金融交易过程中极易出现虚假陈述、夸大其词、内幕交易和操纵市场等违规行为,侵犯消费者的合法权益。尽快的将“金融消费者”升级为法律概念,并给予它充分的内涵及明确的外延就显得十分迫切。世界发达国家的金融市场发展较早且相对完善,在金融消费者的立法保护方面也已经走在了我们的前面。而伴随着金融改革的进一步发展,金融市场开放与全球一体化的持续深化,金融消费者保护问题的解决已经成为摆在各国政府面前的一道难题,而我国目前还没有关于金融消费者这方面的明确界定。因此,借鉴世界上其他国家和地区的立法经验,探讨金融消费者的法律内涵,明确金融消费者的法律定位,对进一步研究金融消费者的保护问题,促进和完善我国立法,都有着非常重要的理论和实际意义。本文也是以此为立足点来展开对金融消费者法律界定问题的探讨。本文除了引言与结语外,共分为三个部分:第一部分,详细介绍了一些发达国家及地区金融消费者的立法现状及其基本分类,主要包括欧盟、英国、美国、日本及中国台湾地区。这些金融消费者保护起步比较早的发达国家和地区,对“金融消费者”概念进行明确界定的也不多,其中以英国和日本为代表。而美国等国家则是通过信息披露等相关制度对投资者和消费者进行综合保护。世界其他国家和地区的法律和政策对中国在界定金融消费者概念方面具有极大的参考借鉴和警示意义。第二部分,具体阐述了金融消费者概念的产生。这部分首先介绍金融消费者与一般消费者在保护运动历史起源与弱势地位,然后在此基础上从逻辑角度、法律解释角度以及金融消费者的特殊性角度分析了金融消费者相较一般消费者更加特殊的弱势地位,认为纵使两者之间存在着不小的差异,但是这些差异都并非本质上的差异,不能够使我们将金融消费者排除在消费者的法律保护框架之外。第三部分,着手对金融消费者的内涵及外延进行界定。在这一部分,首先介绍了一下我国立法中关于金融消费者定义的现状,突出了明确金融消费者概念的紧迫性。然后开始明确金融消费者的内涵和外延。在内涵界定方面,着重从金融消费者的消费主体、消费内容及消费目的的分析;在外延界定方面,主要对金融消费与投资领域交叠部分的个人投资者、高风险投资者以及专业个人投资者进行分析排除来明晰金融消费者的外延。最后得出一个初步的金融消费者概念的定义,并说明金融消费者概念界定对立法和司法的意义。
[Abstract]:As a typical foreign imported emerging market, financial market is late in China and is still in the early stage of development. However, with the rapid development of China's economic and social development, the financial reform continues to deepen, the development of the financial industry is very rapid, and in the form of continuous innovation, financial goods and services are becoming more and more integrated. The daily life of the people. Although the financial consumption has been common in social life, the public has gradually accepted the concept of "financial consumers", but this concept has still not been used as a legal concept, but not to determine its legal connotation and extension. In China's current legal level, the law of the protection of consumer rights and interests is made. The main law for the protection of the rights and interests of consumers, because of its long time, the focus of protection is as a consumer of ordinary goods and services, and the financial consumer, as a new concept, has never been involved in the existing laws, and has accepted or enjoyed financial and financial kimono for banks, securities, insurance and other industries. Most consumers call them depositors, investors, policyholders, beneficiaries, trustees and so on. Although "financial consumers" appear in the rules and normative documents, these regulations and normative documents have avoided the definition of "financial consumers" and are often referred to as "protecting the legitimate rights and interests of financial consumers". The traditional concepts such as "customers", "consumers" or "investors" are used to replace the emergence of "financial consumers" when involved in the rights and obligations norms. Therefore, the existing "consumer protection law" appears to be somewhat overstretched in solving the problems arising from the financial consumption process that differs from ordinary consumption. However, with the continuous development of the financial industry, on the one hand, the mass consumption of financial products has increased year by year, and the professional knowledge is relatively lack; on the other hand, the market can not play a self-regulated leverage on the problems in the financial market. The internal and external effects lead to financial products and service sellers in finance. In the process of trading, it is easy to appear false statements, exaggerated words, insider trading and manipulating the market, violating the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. As soon as possible, the "financial consumer" is upgraded to a legal concept, and its full connotation and explicit extension appear to be very forced. The development of the financial market in the developed countries is earlier and the development of the world is earlier. Relatively perfect, the legislative protection of financial consumers has also been in front of us, and with the further development of financial reform, the opening of the financial market and the continuous deepening of the global integration, the solution of the problem of financial consumer protection has become a difficult problem in front of the governments of all countries, but China has not yet been concerned. Therefore, it has very important theoretical and practical significance to learn from the legislative experience of other countries and regions in the world, to explore the legal connotation of financial consumers, to clarify the legal position of financial consumers, to further study the protection of financial consumers, to promote and improve our country's legislation. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into three parts: the first part, the legislative status and basic classification of financial consumers in some developed countries and regions are introduced in detail, including the European Union, the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan and the Taiwan region of China. These financial consumers protect the early developed countries and regions, and do not clearly define the concept of "financial consumers", which are represented by the United Kingdom and Japan, while the United States and other countries have comprehensive protection of investors and consumers through information disclosure and other related systems. The laws of other countries and regions in the world. And the policy has great reference and warning significance to China in defining the concept of financial consumers. In the second part, it expounds the emergence of the concept of financial consumers. This part first introduces the historical origin and disadvantaged position of the financial consumers and the general consumers in the protection of the movement, and then on this basis, the legal solution is interpreted from the logical point of view. From the angle of interpretation and the particularity of financial consumers, this paper analyzes the more special disadvantaged status of financial consumers compared with the general consumers, and thinks that there are no small differences between them, but these differences are not essential differences, which can not make us exclude the financial consumer outside the framework of the consumer's legal protection. In the third part, we begin to define the connotation and extension of financial consumers. In this part, we first introduce the current status of the definition of financial consumers in our country's legislation, highlight the urgency of the concept of financial consumers, and then begin to clear the connotation and extension of the financial consumers. The consumer subject, consumption content and consumption purpose are analyzed. In the aspect of denotative definition, the author analyzes the extension of financial consumers by analyzing the individual investors, high risk investors and professional individual investors in the field of financial consumption and investment. Finally, a preliminary concept of financial consumers is determined. It also explains the significance of the definition of financial consumers to legislation and judicature.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.8

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