论登记对抗规则下第三人范围的确定

发布时间：2018-09-04 15:17

【摘要】：根据《物权法》的规定,我国的物权变动模式是登记生效和登记对抗二元制并存。登记对抗规则虽在《物权法》颁行之后的适用得以扩张,但始终未明确第三人的具体范围。登记对抗下的"登记"仅具有消极的推定即未发生与公示出来的权利相反的物权变动。我国未登记不得对抗的法律构成宜采第三人否认权说。与争议标的物具有利害关系的第三人可以否认未登记的物权变动对其的效力即未登记的物权变动在当事人之间完全有效,只是在对外关系上有所限制——不能向外主张。对于第三人范围的界定标准,在第三人否认权的基础上分别从客观范围和主观条件两个方面阐释。对客观范围的界定,"对抗关系说"与"权利保护资格要件"的结合最为契合我国的登记对抗规则的法律构成。在主观要件方面,认为《物权法》中"善意"即"恶意者排除说"的规定殊值赞同。在具体善意的判断中应当排除重大过失者,并需借助调查义务的分配实现判断标准的客观化。
[Abstract]:According to the regulations of Real right Law, the mode of real right change in our country is that registration takes effect and registration counteracts dual system. Although the application of the registration countermeasure rule has been expanded after the enactment of the Real right Law, the scope of the third party has never been clarified. Registration against registration has only negative presumption, that is, there is no real right change contrary to the declared right. The legal constitution of our country which is not registered and not antagonistic should adopt the theory of the third party's right of denial. The third party who has an interest in the subject matter of dispute may deny the effect of the unregistered real right change on it, that is, the unregistered real right change is completely valid between the parties, but it is limited in the external relations. On the basis of the third party's right to deny, the definition standard of the third party's scope is explained from two aspects: objective scope and subjective condition. For the definition of objective scope, the combination of "adversarial relation" and "qualification requirements for the protection of rights" is most in line with the legal constitution of the registration adversarial rules of our country. In the aspect of subjective elements, the author thinks that the provisions of "good will", that is, "malicious exclusion" in Real right Law, agree with each other. The gross negligence should be excluded in the judgment of concrete goodwill, and the objectivity of the judgment standard should be realized by the distribution of the investigation obligation.
【作者单位】：中国政法大学民商经济法学院;
【分类号】：D923.2

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