论未成年人父母监护权撤销制度

发布时间：2018-10-20 20:13

【摘要】：在我国,无论从法律还是道德层面都认定未成年子女的首选监护人就是其父母。作为监护人,父母对其未成年子女的人身和财产等合法权益负有保护的义务。但当父母实施了侵害未成年子女的合法权益的行为或者父母不履行其对未成年子女监护职责时,未成年人的合法权益如何保障就成为了一个社会普遍关注的问题。父母监护权撤销制度是未成年子女监护制度的重要内容,在防止父母权利滥用,维护未成年子女合法权益方面具有重要的意义。本文通过对我国未成年人父母监护权撤销制度立法现状、真实案例、域外成熟制度的考察,发现现阶段我国未成年人父母监护权撤销制度存在的不足之处,由此对完善未成年人父母监护权撤销制度提出建设性意见。从结构上看,本文分为四个部分:第一部分是对于父母监护权撤销制度中涉及的相关概念的阐述,包括父母监护权的含义、父母监护权撤销制度的含义、条件、存在价值和功能,从理论角度论述建立父母监护权撤销制度的必要性和意义。第二部分是父母监护权撤销制度的域外考察,通过考察包括美国、德国、法国、日本以及我国港澳台地区的成熟制度,学习先进经验,对我国未成年人父母监护权制度的建立和完善提供借鉴。第三部分,一方面考察我国现阶段有关父母监护权撤销制度的立法现状,分析当前我国撤销父母监护权制度的立法方面存在的缺陷;另一方面考察国内已有的撤销父母监护权的真实案例,分析当前我国撤销父母监护权的相关配套政策的不足。第四部分,以未成年人利益最大化原则为出发点和落脚点,立足我国的基本国情,提出完善该制度的具体建议,包括立法、司法和行政层面的相关措施,为完善我国的法律体系贡献自己的力量。
[Abstract]:In our country, parents are the preferred guardian of minor children in both legal and moral aspects. As guardians, parents have a duty to protect the rights and interests of their minor children. However, how to protect the legitimate rights and interests of minors becomes a universal concern when parents act against the legitimate rights and interests of minor children or when parents do not perform their duties of guardianship of minor children. The revocation system of parental custody is an important part of the custody system of minor children, which is of great significance in preventing the abuse of parental rights and safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of minor children. Based on the investigation of the current legislation, real cases and mature system of parental custody of minors in China, this paper finds out the deficiencies of the revocation system of parental custody of minors in China at this stage. Therefore, constructive suggestions are put forward to improve the revocation system of parental custody of minors. In terms of structure, this paper is divided into four parts: the first part is about the related concepts of parental custody revocation system, including the meaning of parental custody, the meaning of parental custody revocation system, conditions, This paper discusses the necessity and significance of establishing parental custody revocation system from the angle of theory. The second part is the extraterritorial investigation of the revocation system of parental custody. It includes the mature systems of the United States, Germany, France, Japan and China's Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions to learn advanced experience. To provide reference for the establishment and perfection of the system of parental custody of minors in China. The third part, on the one hand, examines the current legislative situation of the revocation system of parental custody in China, and analyzes the defects of the current legislation on the revocation of parental custody system in China; On the other hand, this paper investigates the real cases of abolishing parental custody in China, and analyzes the deficiencies of the relevant supporting policies of cancelling parental custody in China. The fourth part, taking the principle of maximization of the interests of minors as the starting point and foothold, based on the basic national conditions of our country, puts forward specific suggestions to improve the system, including the relevant measures at the legislative, judicial and administrative levels. To perfect our country's legal system contribution own strength.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

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