违约金的类型构造

发布时间：2018-10-22 07:51

【摘要】：违约金规则以任意性规范为主,其中既包含一个法定模范类型,也允许当事人另作约定形成意定类型。这一规范逻辑决定了违约金类型构造的必要性。当前主流学说的构造方案符合该规范逻辑,理论出发点亦卓具贡献,但囿于标准单一且未重视类型要素在利益衡量上的强度差异,在司法实践中仍不乏疑义。考察德国法上区分违约金和损害赔偿概括计算条款的判例、学说与立法演进,可提炼更为丰富的类型要素并作强度分析,形成违约金的类型谱系。以之为背景定位中国法的法定模范类型和各种意定类型,就能全面厘清各类型的规范适用问题。不同类型承载了不同的自治意思,通过类型构造把握各种类型,可以确保规范适用时尽可能地尊重私法自治。
[Abstract]:The rule of liquidated damages is based on arbitrariness, which includes a legal model type and allows the parties to make a separate agreement to form a prescribed type. This normative logic determines the necessity of the type construction of liquidated damages. The construction scheme of the current mainstream theory accords with the logic of the norm, and the starting point of the theory also has its contribution. However, due to the single standard and the lack of attention to the difference of the intensity of the type element in the interest measurement, there are still some doubts in the judicial practice. By investigating the case law which distinguishes the liquidated damages from the general calculation terms of damages in German law, the evolution of doctrine and legislation can refine more abundant type elements and make strength analysis to form the type pedigree of liquidated damages. In this context, it is possible to clarify the application of various types of norms by locating the legal model types and various types of legal models of Chinese law. Different types bear different autonomous meanings. It is possible to respect the autonomy of private law in the application of norms.
【作者单位】：华东政法大学;
【基金】：作者主持的国家社科基金青年项目“违约金条款类型化规制研究”(15CFX059) 中国博士后科学基金面上资助一等项目(2015M570352) 上海市教委、上海市教育发展基金会“晨光计划”项目(14CG53)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D923.6

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