论国际海上货物运输合同下的诉权

发布时间：2018-01-28 23:59

本文关键词： 诉权提单债权关系托运人提单持有人　出处：《上海海事大学》2005年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在有关国际海上货物运输的法律问题中,诉权问题不仅理论性较强,而且在海商案件中很有现实意义。许多国家的立法都曾对诉权问题作出过规定,而我国法律目前对于海上货物运输中的诉权问题仍没有较为明确的规定,使得海事司法实践中诉权问题非常突出,争议颇多,因此笔者认为对国际海上货物运输中的诉权问题作进一步的探讨仍十分有必要,以达到从法律上对诉权问题作出明确规定,停纷止争的目的。本文主要运用比较法学的研究方法,从理论依据、各国立法及国际公约的规定等方面对国际海上货物运输中的合同诉权展开分析讨论。论文第一章首先对有关诉权的基础理论加以简单的介绍,明确了诉权的涵义,介绍了有关诉权学说的发展,并依据具体诉权说的观点列举了享有诉权所应具备的要件,即当事人适格和诉的利益。以此作为下文探讨国际海上货物运输中的诉权的基础。论文第二章分析了国际海上货物运输中的合同诉权所依据的主要法律关系,即提单债权关系和海上货物运输合同关系,并具体分析了两者之间的联系和区别。对提单债权关系的性质,列举了不同学说的观点,各自分析了其利弊,进而得出“证券关系说”能更合理的解释有关提单债权关系的性质的结论,作为下文探讨提单持有人及托运人的诉权问题的理论基础。文章第三章及第四章是论文的主体部分,具体分析了有关当事方的合同诉权。其中对承运人享有合同诉权的主体主要有提单持有人及托运人,二者对承运人提起合同之诉所依据的法律关系分别是提单债权关系与海上货物运输合同关系。通过列举不同国家立法及国际公约对提单持有人的法律界定,分析比较各国对提单持有人诉权的立法规定,笔者提出判断提单持有人是否享有合同诉权的因素。针对我国有关托运人的诉权问题司法实践中争议较多的现状,分析了我国《海商法》定义的两种托运人的识别,而后区分提单转让前及提单转让后两种情况,结合我国相关案例的法院判决及有关学说观点,作出具体分析。论文第五章对最近修订的《UNCITRAL运输法文本文件》有关诉权的规定作了逐一列举,对其中的合理之处作了分析,并由此提出其对于我国《海商法》修订的可借鉴
[Abstract]:In the legal issues related to the international carriage of goods by sea, the issue of the right of action is not only theoretical, but also of practical significance in the case of maritime merchants. Many countries have made provisions on the issue of the right of action in their legislation. However, there are still no clear provisions on the right of action in the carriage of goods by sea in Chinese law, which makes the issue of the right of action very prominent and controversial in maritime judicial practice. Therefore, the author thinks that it is necessary to make further discussion on the right of action in the international carriage of goods by sea, in order to make a clear stipulation on the issue of the right of action from the legal point of view. This paper mainly uses the research method of comparative law to analyze and discuss the contractual right of action in the international carriage of goods by sea from the aspects of the theoretical basis, the legislation of various countries and the provisions of international conventions. The first chapter gives a brief introduction to the basic theory of the right of action, clarifies the meaning of the right of action, and introduces the development of the theory of the right of action. According to the point of view of specific right of action, this paper enumerates the necessary conditions for the enjoyment of the right of action, that is, the appropriate case of the parties and the interests of the litigation, which is the basis of the following discussion on the right of action in the international carriage of goods by sea. The second chapter analyzes the main legal relations of the contractual right of action in the international carriage of goods by sea, that is, the relationship between the creditor's rights of bill of lading and the contract of carriage of goods by sea. The relationship between the two and the difference between the two. To the nature of the relationship between the bill of lading, listed the views of different theories, each of the advantages and disadvantages of the analysis. The conclusion that "securities relationship theory" can explain the nature of the relationship between bill of lading and bill of lading is the theoretical basis of the following discussion on the litigation rights of bill of lading holders and shippers. The third and fourth chapters are the main part of the paper, the specific analysis of the parties involved in the contractual right of action, in which the carrier has the main rights of contract litigation, mainly the holder of the bill of lading and the shipper. The legal relationship based on which the two bring a contract action against the carrier is the relationship between the creditor's rights of bill of lading and the contract of carriage of goods by sea. The legal definition of the holder of bill of lading is given by enumerating different national legislation and international conventions. By analyzing and comparing the legislative provisions of bill of lading holders in various countries, the author puts forward the factors to judge whether the bill of lading holders enjoy the contractual right of action, aiming at the status quo that there are more disputes in the judicial practice of the right of action of shippers in our country. This paper analyzes the identification of two shippers in the definition of Maritime Law in China, and then distinguishes the two situations before and after the transfer of bill of lading, combining with the court judgment of relevant cases in our country and the viewpoints of relevant theories. Make concrete analysis. Chapter 5th enumerates the provisions of the recently revised text document of UNCITRAL Transport Law about the right of action, and analyzes the reasonableness among them. Therefore, it can be used for reference in the revision of China's Maritime Law.
【学位授予单位】：上海海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：D996.19;D997

【引证文献】