海运有毒有害物质污染损害赔偿法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-01-29 08:13

本文关键词： 有毒有害物质污染损害赔偿分配正义 HNS基金　出处：《大连海事大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海洋环境的污染严重影响到了人类对海洋的开发和利用,国际社会依赖私法途径对海洋环境污染进行事后调整的趋势越来越显著。相对于人们更为熟悉的油类污染,由于有毒有害物质种类繁多,人们对其发生泄漏事故后的应急手段和污染后果认识不足,出台的相关国际公约迟迟未能生效。我国国内尚没有专门的海洋污染损害赔偿立法,更罔谈海运有毒有害物质污染损害赔偿立法。立法的缺失导致司法实践中出现诸多争议。本文以法哲学、法经济学以及环境保护法的基本原理为理论支撑,综合采用比较分析法和实证分析法等研究方法,对海运有毒有害物质污染损害赔偿法律制度的基本理论和法律制度的要素作了系统和深入的分析。同时,结合我国国情和立法实践,研究了我国海运有毒有害物质污染损害赔偿法律制度的构建,并提出了我国海运有毒有害物质污染损害赔偿立法框架和内容的建议。本文包括五章和一个附录。第1章探讨了海运有毒有害物质污染损害赔偿法律制度的理论基础。以海洋环境保护立法为视角,探讨了海运有毒有害物质污染损害赔偿法律制度的法哲学基础,从认识论、价值论、本体论的角度分析了法哲学对海洋环境保护立法完善的作用；阐释了法经济学分析手段应用于海运有毒有害物质污染损害赔偿立法的适当性及其在归责原则、风险分担机制、责任分担机制和赔偿责任限制等具体领域的应用。第2章探讨了海运有毒有害物质污染损害赔偿的国际立法及其发展趋势。第3章对各国海运有毒有害物质污染损害赔偿法律制度进行了比较法研究,探讨了对我国的借鉴意义。第4章结合对我国立法现状的分析,提出了我国海运有毒有害物质污染损害赔偿立法的必要性、理念与模式。第5章研究了我国海运有毒有害物质污染损害赔偿法律制度的构建,包括归责原则、责任限制和相关的实施保障机制。最后,提出借《海商法》修改之机,增加海运有毒有害物质污染损害赔偿规定的建议。
[Abstract]:The pollution of the marine environment has seriously affected the development and utilization of the ocean. The trend that the international community relies on private law to adjust the marine environmental pollution afterwards is more and more obvious. Compared with the more familiar oil pollution, there are many kinds of toxic and harmful substances. People do not know enough about the emergency measures and pollution consequences after the leakage accident, and the relevant international conventions have not come into effect. In our country, there is no special legislation on compensation for marine pollution damage. The lack of legislation leads to a lot of disputes in judicial practice. This paper takes the basic principles of legal philosophy, law and economics and environmental protection law as the theoretical support. By means of comparative analysis and empirical analysis, this paper makes a systematic and in-depth analysis of the basic theory and elements of the legal system of compensation for pollution damage caused by toxic and harmful substances in maritime transport. Combined with our country's national conditions and legislative practice, this paper studies the construction of the legal system of marine toxic and harmful substances pollution compensation in China. This paper includes five chapters and an appendix. Chapter 1 discusses the theory of the legal system of marine toxic and harmful substances pollution damage compensation. From the perspective of marine environmental protection legislation. This paper probes into the legal philosophical basis of the legal system of marine toxic and harmful substances pollution damage compensation, and analyzes the role of legal philosophy in the legislative perfection of marine environmental protection from the perspective of epistemology, value theory and ontology. This paper expounds the appropriateness of the application of the legal and economic analysis means in the legislation of compensation for the pollution damage caused by toxic and harmful substances in maritime transport, the principle of liability and the mechanism of risk sharing. Application of liability sharing mechanism and limitation of liability. Chapter 2 discusses the international legislation and development trend of compensation for damage caused by toxic and harmful substances in maritime transport. Chapter 3 deals with the pollution of noxious substances by sea in various countries. A comparative study on the legal system of compensation for damages has been carried out. Chapter 4 analyzes the present situation of our country's legislation, and puts forward the necessity of our country's legislation of compensation for marine toxic and harmful substances pollution damage. Chapter 5 studies the construction of China's maritime toxic and harmful substances pollution damage compensation legal system, including the principle of imputation, liability limitation and relevant implementation protection mechanism. Finally. This paper puts forward a proposal to increase the compensation for pollution damage caused by toxic and harmful substances in maritime transportation on the occasion of the amendment of the Maritime Law.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.68

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