民国北京政府经济法制建设研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 01:11

本文选题：民国北京政府　切入点：经济法制建设　出处：《安徽大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 民国北京政府时期的经济法制建设是在国际、国内多重因素影响下开展的。从国际上看，西方文化大规模东来，新学兴起，欧风美雨浸润着北京政府的经济法制建设；中国民族资本主义经济自甲午战后有了初步发展，中国在国际上的经济地位有所提高，加之中国民众自尊心、爱国心的觉醒，致使列强被迫调整对华关系。相对有利的国际环境使得北京政府可以更轻松地进行经济法制建设。从国内看，北京政府加强经济法制建设也是民心所向，大势所趋。辛亥革命后，新式的国家的建立使中国人看到了发展民族资本主义经济的希望，发展实业、实业救国已成普遍性的社会思潮。民初，全国掀起了一股投资建厂的热潮，民族资本主义经济在各工业部门的发展呈现出较旺的发展势头，具有资本增加大，发展速度快的特点。相当发展的资本主义经济必然要求相对完善的资本主义经济法律法规与之相适应，随着法制思潮的出现，民间加快经济法制建设的呼声也愈来愈响，北京政府启动经济法制建设已是刻不容缓。由于民族资产阶级和北洋军阀经济利益不尽一致，那么他们在经济立法上的主张就会产生激烈的冲突。民族资产阶级经济立法的目的有三：一是国家发展资本主义，振兴实业。二是政府扶植民营，保护工商业主的合法利益。三是当政者承认工商从业者团体的合法地位。北京政府经济立法的目的则是加强国家对民族工商业的控制和管理以取得稳定的财源，巩固统治。北京政府的经济立法实际上是一个充满冲突与妥协的过程。1912年11月1日，北京政府召开了第一次全国工商会议，虽然本次工商会议在官办还是民办丝、茶、煤油、钢、瓷、纺织、制铁、采矿业等产业上存在分歧，但官民双方却一致认为中国急需制定资本主义经济法规，促进民族资本主义发展。在各种因素的积极推动下，民初掀起了经济法制建设的高潮，许多经济法规都对民间兴办实业给予扶植、奖励，一定程度上满足了民族资产阶级发展自由资本主义的要求，但也反映了北洋集团与民族资产阶级在利益一致基础上的某种妥协。《商会法》的制定更能反映政府与商人团体的互动关系，双方产生矛盾但又寻求妥协。就社会绩效来说，北京政府时期制定的一系列经济法规有效地促进了民族资本主义经济的发展，轻重工业的进步皆很可观，不仅一些老的行业得到了发展，还出现了一些新兴的部门；银行业的发展及其金融财团的形成是这一时期民族资本主义经济增长的重要组成部分。经济法规的实施也加速了民族资产阶级的成长，促进了民族资产阶级社会地位的提升。除直接参政外，民族资产阶级通过各种经济团体对社会施加影响，商会更是令北京政府不敢小觑。商会联合会围绕着社会政治、经济、外交等局势的变化，参加了民初政争、二次革命、反对袁世凯称帝、五四运动、五卅运动、关税自主运动等重要社会活动，产生了重大影响。具有奖励性质的经济法规的颁布，对巩固洋务运动时期萌芽的重商观念起了一定的积极作用。北京政府的经济法制建设承接清末的经济立法，是在清末经济立法基础上的发展和完善，它的立法思想和编制理念都有自己的特色，并为南京政府的经济法制建设打下了良好的基础，推动了我国近代商法体系的形成。在经济法制建设的过程中为制定更加适用的法律，立法者除援用西法外很注意吸收本民族固有的民商事习惯，值得称道。总的来说，北京政府经济法制建设虽出于维护其统治的目的，虽也有滞后于社会经济发展、法规条文不够绵密等等缺陷与不足，但其革故鼎新的法制建设立意，，重视民商事习惯调查的立法活动，取法西洋、兼采国情的立法风格都有可道之处。综观中国经济法制建设的近代化进程，北京政府时期正是承上启下的阶段，这一社会转型期的经济法制建设促进了中国民族资本主义经济的发展，提高了民族资产阶级的社会地位，巩固了国人的重商观念。这一时期的经济法制建设基本确立了资本主义的经济秩序，资本主义经济法制体系初步完备，对以后的经济法制建设有着重大影响，其重要的历史意义应当被肯定。
[Abstract]:The economic legal system construction in the period of Beijing government is in the international, domestic impact of multiple factors. From the perspective of the international, large-scale western culture to the East, the rise of new economy, the influences of Western culture and civilization legal construction of Beijing government infiltration; economic Chinese national capitalism since a post-war afternoon with the initial development, Chinese economic position in the world. Increased, and China people pride and patriotism awakening, which powers forced to adjust the relationship with China. The relatively favorable international environment makes Beijing government can carry out the construction of economic legal system more easily. In China, the government of Beijing to strengthen the construction of economic law is the common aspiration of the people, represent the general trend. After the revolution, the establishment of the new government to Chinese to see the development of national capitalism to the development of industry, industrial salvation has become widely accepted. The country set off. A wave of investment boom, national capitalist economy showed a relatively brisk growth in the development of various industrial sectors, with capital increasing, rapidly developing. Considerable development of the capitalist economy inevitable law of capitalist economy rules relatively perfect to match, with the emergence of legal thought, to speed up the folk economic and legal construction of the voice is getting louder, the Beijing government launched the construction of economic legal system is imperative.
The national bourgeoisie and the Northern Warlords economic interests are not consistent, so their proposals for economic legislation would conflict. The national bourgeoisie has three purposes: one is the development of state capitalism, the revitalization of industry. The two is the government support of private business owners, protect the legal interests of the rulers. The three is that the legal status of industry groups. The Beijing government economic legislation is to strengthen state control and management of the national industry and commerce to obtain stable financial resources, consolidate the rule. The government of Beijing's economic legislation is actually a process full of conflict and compromise the.1912 in November 1st, the Beijing government held the first national business conference, though the business meeting in official or private silk, tea, porcelain, kerosene, steel, textiles, iron and steel, differences exist in the mining industry and other industries, but the two party officials and people are consistent That the development of capitalist economic laws and regulations China need promote the development of national capitalism. Pushed forward by a variety of factors, China launched economic legal system construction climax, many economic laws and regulations to private industry to give support, reward, to a certain extent to meet the free development of the national bourgeoisie requirements, but also reflects the development of Beiyang Group with the national bourgeoisie in the same interests on the basis of a compromise. "Chamber of commerce law can better reflect the interaction between the government and business groups, the two sides have contradictions and seek a compromise.
On the social performance, a series of economic laws and regulations during the period of Beijing government to effectively promote the development of national capitalist economy, heavy industry progress is very impressive, not only some old industries have been developed, there are some emerging sectors; banking and financial developments in the formation of the consortium is an important part of this a period of national capitalist economic growth. The implementation of economic regulations also accelerated the growth of the national bourgeoisie and the national bourgeoisie and promote social advancement. In addition to direct participation in politics, the national bourgeoisie to influence the society through various economic associations, chambers of commerce is that the Beijing government can not be underestimated. Federation of chambers of commerce around the social politics the economic, diplomatic and other changes, the situation in the Republic of China, the political struggle, the two revolution, against the emperor Yuan Shikai, the May 4th Movement, the May 30th Movement, the tariff autonomy movement As an important social activity, resulting in a significant impact. With the rewarding properties of economic laws and regulations promulgated, played a positive role to consolidate in Westernization Movement Pro business ideas.
Economic and legal construction of the government of Beijing to undertake the economic legislation, is the development in the late Qing Dynasty on the basis of economic legislation and improve the legislation, it and the preparation of the concept has its own characteristics, and lays a good foundation for the construction of economic law, the government of Nanjing, to promote the formation of China's modern commercial system in the process. The construction of economic legal system to formulate more applicable laws, legislators in addition to pay great attention to the absorption of foreign ziphah invoked national civil and commercial habits, is commendable.
In general, the government of Beijing for the construction of economic law is the purpose of maintaining its rule, although there are lags behind the development of social economy, laws and regulations are not so dense defects and shortcomings, but the new conception of legal system construction, pay attention to the legislative activities of civil and commercial custom investigation, the western, legislative style adopt conditions are can road. In the process of modernization Chinese economic legal system construction, the Beijing government period is the transitional stage, the economic legal system of this period of social transformation and promote the development of economy China national capitalism, improve the social status of the national bourgeoisie, the consolidation of the country's Pro business ideas. The construction of economic law in this period the establishment of the capitalist economic order, the legal system of the capitalist economy basically complete, has a significant impact on the economic and legal construction of the important history The meaning should be affirmed.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D929;K258

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