优先购买权制度若干问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 07:47

本文选题：优先购买权　切入点：法律性质　出处：《中国政法大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 优先购买权制度最早可追溯至罗马时代。现代大部份国家在民法或商法中也规定了优先购买权制度。我国对优先购买权制度的研究起步较晚,不完善的优先购买权制度给司法实践带来了不少的困惑。本文通过比较研究有关国家的相关立法例,结合我国优先购买权的立法和实践现状,对完善我国的优先购买权制度提出合理的建议。囿于能力的限制,本文仅对理论上争议较大的若干问题进行论述。全文共分四章: 第一章从比较法的角度考察了有关国家(以大陆法系国家为主)和我国优先购买权制度的发展。通过学习其他国家的优先购买权制度,我们可将他们的立法经验作为完善我国的优先购买权制度的立法借鉴。第二章主要探讨优先购买权的基本理论。首先是合理界定优先购买权的概念,以期作为本文进行研究的基础。在关于优先购买权性质的问题上用较多的笔墨对相关的几种学说进行了评析,指出优先购买权属于强制缔约请求权,即在所有人(义务人)出卖标的物时,优先购买权人有权向所有人请求买受标的物,所有人非有正当理由不能拒绝。在关于优先购买权效力的问题上,本文着重讨论了其对外的效力,认为无论是法定优先购买权还是约定优先购买权,只要经过公示就能对抗第三人,但出于对交易秩序和安全的维护,其不能对抗善意第三人。第三章深入分析了优先购买权在行使中的几个问题。一是先决条件,即所有人出卖标的物是行使优先购买权的前提。对出卖的含义进行了分析,并认为优先购买权不能在拍卖中行使。二是行使要件,即权利人要以同等条件才能行使优先购买权。本文认为价格是同等条件中的核心因素,其他因素可以在不损害所有人经济利益的前提下进行合理的变通。并对所有人与第三人之间的合同效力对同等条件的影响进行了分析。三是行使期限。合理规定行使期限的长短能平衡所有人、优先购买权人和第三人的利益。第四章有针对性的讨论了优先购买权竞合的几种情况,并提出了相应的解决方法。在重点讨论共有人优先购买权与承租人优先购买权竞合时,本文认为,不能简单的规定一个处理模式,而是要运用“个案平衡原则”来最大程度的维护当事人的利益。
[Abstract]:The preemption right system can be traced back to the Roman era . Most of the modern countries also stipulate the preemption right system in the civil law or commercial law .

In the first chapter , from the perspective of comparative law , we study the development of our country ( mainly based on continental law system ) and our country ' s preemption system . By studying the preemption system of other countries , we can use their legislative experience as the legislative reference to perfect our country ' s preemption system .

The second chapter mainly discusses the basic theory of preemption right . First , it is reasonable to define the concept of preemption right , so as to be the basis for the study .

In the third chapter , we deeply analyze several problems in the exercise of preemption . One is the precondition , that is , the seller sells the subject matter is the precondition for the exercise of the preemption right . The second is the core factor in the same condition . The other factors can be used to analyze the effect of the contract effect between the owner and the third person on the same condition .

In the fourth chapter , some cases of preemption right are discussed , and the corresponding solutions are put forward . In the focus discussion , when the preemption right is competing with the lessee ' s preemption right , this paper holds that the author thinks that the principle of case balance must be applied to maintain the interests of the parties to the maximum extent .

【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D923

【引证文献】