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论提单保函的法律效力

发布时间:2018-04-29 05:38

  本文选题:保函 + 提单 ; 参考:《华东政法大学》2007年硕士论文


【摘要】: 海运保函自出现和应用以来,成为海运理论和实务中广为关注的焦点。一方面,保函的出现给国际贸易带来极大的便捷和经济价值,另一方面,由于法律效力不确定,保函对传统的国际贸易秩序产生强烈的冲击,尤其是在提单形成阶段保函介入,其对提单信任度和安全性的下降产生极大的负面影响,并且,保函的使用为贸易欺诈提供了可乘之机。实务界对保函褒贬不一,但由于各国成文法对海运保函尚无明确、专门及统一的规定,导致司法界、学术界对保函效力的问题一直存在争议。保函法律效力的不确定性往往又使当事人在航运实务中陷入茫然与不知所措的境地,造成巨大的经济损失,长此以往,必然不利于国际贸易和航运事业的发展。基于此,笔者认为,对提单保函的效力问题进行深入地研究是非常必要的。本文除导言和结语外,共分四章。 第一章是概述,对提单保函的概念、产生及实务中存在的利弊作了论述,提出提单保函法律效力所涉及的基本问题及研究意义;第二章是提单保函法律效力的基本观点,介绍了西方主要国家及中国司法界对保函效力的基本观点及处理,并且,由于目前国际条约中只有《汉堡规则》第17条对保函效力作了原则性规定,因此本章对该条约涉及保函效力的相关规定作了介绍,并进行了评述;第三章从解决实际矛盾,保证、促进国际海事贸易顺利发展的目的出发,首先针对理论界关于保函法律性质不确定的争议,依据保函出具主体的不同对保函性质进行了探讨,为进一步研究保函效力提供理论上的支持;其次简述了提单保函效力范围,并就两大类提单保函(换取清洁提单的保函、为预借或倒签提单而出具的保函)的法律效力及保函无效时相关当事人的法律责任问题进行了详细的探讨和论证,明确了认定相关保函法律效力的标准,为当事人提供清晰的行为模式。第四章分两部分论述,第一部分建议在我国《海商法》修订时应弥补提单保函的立法空白并加以完善,从而公正地维护各方有关的利益,减少不必要的纠纷;第二部分分别对托运人和承运人在海运实务中使用保函提出若干建议,特别是建议承运人对保函出具主体资格、保函内容及文字措辞等方面进行合理审查,以求扬长避短,使提单保函更好的促进国际贸易和海运事业的发展。
[Abstract]:Since its appearance and application, marine guarantee has become the focus of attention in shipping theory and practice. On the one hand, the appearance of guarantee brings great convenience and economic value to international trade. On the other hand, due to the uncertainty of legal effect, guarantee has a strong impact on the traditional international trade order, especially in the stage of bill of lading formation. It has a great negative effect on the decline of trust and security of bill of lading, and the use of guarantee provides an opportunity for trade fraud. However, there is no clear, special and uniform regulation on the maritime guarantee in the statutory law of various countries, which leads to the controversy of the validity of the guarantee in the judicial and academic circles. The uncertainty of the legal effect of guarantee often makes the parties in the shipping practice fall into a situation of confusion and confusion, resulting in huge economic losses. In the long run, it is bound to be unfavorable to the development of international trade and shipping. Based on this, the author believes that it is necessary to study the validity of the guarantee of bill of lading. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is an overview of the concept, production and practice of the advantages and disadvantages of the letter of guarantee, put forward the basic issues involved in the legal effect of the bill of lading guarantee and research significance, the second chapter is the basic point of view of the legal effect of the bill of lading guarantee. This paper introduces the basic views and treatment of the validity of guarantee in the main western countries and Chinese judicial circles, and since only Article 17 of the Hamburg rules in the current international treaties provides for the validity of the guarantee in principle, Therefore, this chapter introduces and comments on the relevant provisions of the treaty concerning the validity of the guaranty. The third chapter aims at solving practical contradictions and ensuring the smooth development of international maritime trade. First of all, in view of the dispute about the uncertainty of the legal nature of the guarantee in the theoretical circle, this paper discusses the nature of the guarantee according to the different subjects issued by the guarantee, and provides theoretical support for the further study of the validity of the guarantee; secondly, it outlines the scope of the validity of the guarantee on the bill of lading. The legal effect of two kinds of guarantee of bill of lading (in exchange for the guarantee of clean bill of lading, the guarantee issued for the advance or reverse signing of the bill of lading) and the legal liability of the relevant parties when the guarantee letter is invalid are discussed and proved in detail. Defined the legal validity of the relevant guarantee standards, for the parties to provide a clear mode of conduct. The fourth chapter is divided into two parts. The first part suggests that the legislative gap of bill of lading guarantee should be made up in the revision of Maritime Law of our country, so as to protect the interests of all parties fairly and reduce unnecessary disputes. In the second part, some suggestions are put forward for the shipper and the carrier to use the guarantee in the practice of maritime transportation. In particular, it is suggested that the carrier should carry out a reasonable examination on the subject qualification, the content and the wording of the guarantee in order to maximize its strengths and circumvent its weaknesses. Make the bill of lading guarantee to promote the development of international trade and shipping.
【学位授予单位】:华东政法大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2007
【分类号】:D996.19

【引证文献】

相关硕士学位论文 前1条

1 胡雪丹;海运保函法律问题研究[D];华东政法大学;2012年



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