船舶碰撞归责原则研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 08:21

本文选题：船舶碰撞 + 归责原则　；参考：《大连海事大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：过错责任、无过错责任和公平原则这三个一成体系的归责原则,已经得到普遍认同。船舶碰撞作为海事法中典型的侵权行为,在我国法下一直适用的是过错责任归责原则,但随着海上航运的发展和无过错责任原则、公平原则的地位的确立,以及我国2010年颁布的《侵权责任法》来看,单一地适用过错责任原则已不能满足复杂的海上船舶碰撞案件的发展,有必要适当引入其他两个原则,但是毋庸置疑,过错责任原则仍是船舶碰撞的主要归责原则。本文主要分为五个部分进行介绍。第一部分综述,主要介绍了船舶碰撞的定义,构成要件和过错责任原则、无过错责任原则、公平原则的定义及侵权归责原则的体系,并且本文后面也主要是以这个体系为主线进行分析的。第二部分介绍了过错责任原则在船舶碰撞中适用的情况,并分析了过错的具体归属、如何认定过错并采用法经济学的分析方法对过错责任原则适用的合理性进行分析。第三部分介绍了无过错责任原则和公平原则适用的要件,并列举了在船舶碰撞下满足两个原则的适用情形,强调了这两个原则引入船舶碰撞的可行性与必要性。第四部分介绍了间接碰撞的归责原则,间接碰撞属于广义的船舶碰撞的调整范围,并且我国《海商法》中明确规定了其准适用第八章船舶碰撞的相关规定,所以本文介绍了间接碰撞适用过错责任归责原则的同时还分析了适用过错责任归责原则的优缺性。第五部分介绍了船舶碰撞归责原则和由此引发的船舶污染和海上人身伤亡的归责原则的联系,明确界限,并粗略介绍了后者适用的归责原则的情况。
[Abstract]:Fault liability, no-fault liability and the principle of fairness, the three systems of liability principles, has been generally accepted. Ship collision, as a typical tort in maritime law, has always been applied to the principle of liability for fault under the law of our country. However, with the development of maritime shipping and the establishment of the principle of no-fault liability, the position of the principle of fairness has been established. According to the Tort liability Law promulgated by our country in 2010, the single application of the principle of fault liability cannot satisfy the development of complex marine collision cases, so it is necessary to introduce the other two principles properly, but there is no doubt that, Fault liability principle is still the main imputation principle of ship collision. This paper is mainly divided into five parts to introduce. The first part introduces the definition of ship collision, the constitutive elements and the principle of fault liability, the principle of no-fault liability, the definition of fair principle and the system of tort imputation principle. And this article is also mainly based on this system for the analysis of the main line. The second part introduces the application of fault liability principle in ship collision, and analyzes the specific attribution of fault, how to identify fault and analyze the rationality of the application of fault liability principle by using the analysis method of law and economics. The third part introduces the application of the principle of no-fault liability and the principle of fairness, enumerates the application of the two principles in the collision of ships, and emphasizes the feasibility and necessity of introducing the two principles into the collision of ships. The fourth part introduces the imputation principle of indirect collision, indirect collision belongs to the broad range of ship collision adjustment, and the maritime law of our country clearly stipulates that it is applicable to the relevant provisions of Chapter 8 ship collision. So this paper introduces the indirect collision of applying fault liability imputation principle and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of applying fault liability imputation principle. The fifth part introduces the relation between the principle of imputation of ship collision and the principle of imputation of pollution and casualties at sea, clarifies the limits, and briefly introduces the situation of the principle of imputation applicable to the latter.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D923

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