航运中适用航次租船格式合同的风险及其规避

发布时间：2018-05-13 21:18

本文选题：航次租船 + 格式合同　；参考：《华东政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：航次租船合同是目前航运租船合同的一种重要形式。在航运实践中,贸易各方为了节约谈判时间和成本的需要,往往将选择国际组织和商会制定出来的一些国际上通行的航次租船格式合同或使用其中的部分条款,诸如金康租约1976和1994以及其他一些专门性航次租船格式合同。航次租船格式合同可以提高贸易活动的效率,节约缔约的时间和费用,提高贸易的灵活性。然而航次租船格式合同并不是万能的,在实践中租船人和承租人直接选择使用租船格式合同或其部分条款签订租船合同也会引起一定的法律风险。由于航次租船格式合同本身的缺陷和当事人业务水平和谈判能力的限制等原因,在使用中往往会给租船各方当事人带来种种贸易风险。然而在对航次租船合同法律关系进行规制的过程中,为了实现最大限度地满足各方当事人贸易效率的追求,充分尊重当事人订立合同的意思自由,各国法律法规对航次租船合同法律关系均不加以强制性的干涉。包括我国在内的绝大多数国家在海商法和其他相关的立法中基本上没有关于租船格式合同如何适用的强行性规定,而从世界范围来看也不存在专门用于调整航次租船合同法律关系的国际公约。从航次租船合同订约的过程来看,双方当事人在租船合同法律关系中的地位和命运很大程度上掌握在自己的手上。因此为了尽量降低贸易中的不确定性,更好地定纷止争,租船人和承租人在订立租船合同时就必须在思想上提高意识,警惕在航次租船过程中可能会遇到的种种风险,并在订立租船合同条款时予以明确说明从而加以规避。除此之外,随着我国在国际航运中的地位的不断提高,有关商会和组织完全可以自行制定更加符合国情的租船合同格式,以改变航运中国外特别是发达国家的商会或组织制定的航次租船格式合同占据着租船合同半壁江山的局面。另就航次租船合同的法律规制来讲,应加快我国《海商法》修改的步伐并完善与租船业务相配套的法律法规体系,以使航次租船合同纠纷的解决可以有法可依。
[Abstract]:Voyage charter contract is an important form of current shipping charter contract. In shipping practice, in order to save the time and cost of negotiation, the trade parties will often choose some internationally prevailing charter party contracts or use some of the terms, which are drawn up by international organizations and chambers of commerce. Such as Jinkang lease 1976 and 1994 and other special voyage charter format contract. Voyage charter contract can improve the efficiency of trade activities, save the time and cost of contracting, and enhance the flexibility of trade. In practice, the charterer and charterer choose directly to use the charter form contract or some of its terms to sign the charter party contract, which will also cause certain legal risks. Due to the defects of the voyage charter contract itself and the limitation of the parties' business level and negotiation ability, the use of the charter party will often bring various trade risks to the parties involved in the charter party. However, in the process of regulating the legal relationship of voyage charter party, in order to satisfy the parties' pursuit of trade efficiency to the maximum extent and fully respect the freedom of meaning of the parties to conclude the contract, The laws and regulations of various countries do not interfere with the legal relationship of voyage charter party. The vast majority of countries, including China, basically do not have mandatory provisions on how charter party contracts are to be applied in maritime law and other relevant legislation. However, there is no international convention to regulate the legal relationship between voyage charter party and voyage charter contract in the world. From the point of view of the process of voyage charter contract, the position and fate of both parties in the legal relationship of charter party are largely in their own hands. Therefore, in order to minimize the uncertainty in trade and to resolve disputes better, the charterers and charterers must raise their awareness of the risks they may encounter in the course of chartering ships. And in the conclusion of charter party terms to be clearly stated in order to circumvent. In addition, with the increasing status of our country in international shipping, relevant chambers of commerce and organizations are fully able to work out their own charter-party formats that are more in line with the national conditions. In order to change the shipping format contracts formulated by chambers of commerce or organizations in developed countries, the chartering contract occupies half of the situation. In addition, as far as the legal regulation of voyage charter contract is concerned, we should quicken the pace of revision of Maritime Law and perfect the law and regulations system matching with chartering business, so that the settlement of disputes on voyage charter contract can be governed by law.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.294

【引证文献】