“船舶经营人”研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 21:44

本文选题：船舶经营人 + 船舶优先权制度　；参考：《上海海事大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】：海商法中涉及船舶责任主体规定，可以分为不同的层次。第一个层次是海商实体法责任的主体；第二个层次是“准程序化”主体规定；第三个层次是完全程序化的主体规定。“船舶经营人”是一个比较特殊的主体概念，其在我国海商法各个层次的主体规定中被频繁使用；虽然我国《船舶登记条例》规定在船舶所有人登记中，船舶所有人不实际使用和控制船舶的，则应当载明“船舶经营人”，但并没有明确何谓“船舶经营人”。在法律法规对“船舶经营人”的概念没有明确规定的情况下，“船舶经营人”在实践引起了很多争议。本文针对目前有关“船舶经营人”的疑问及其在实践中产生的问题，围绕“船舶经营人”概念进行研究，试图解决“船舶经营人”在实践中所产生的争议。本文通过比较国际公约、有关外国法和我国法规，从海商法主体规定的多层次的特性着眼，分析了航运业务中多种主体概念与“船舶经营人”的关系，并进一步透视了涉及“船舶经营人”的各种制度，如“船舶优先权制度”、“海事赔偿责任限制制度”和“船舶碰撞侵权主体制度”中“船舶经营人”的规定，得出结论认为：要给“船舶经营人”下一个适用于海商法各个领域的万能定义恐怕不易，因为我国海商法主体规定并非单一角度、单一层次的，因此，界定“船舶经营人”应当综合考虑各个制度设置之目的以及特定法律制度主体规定之特点，对“船舶经营人”的概念在各法律制度中作分别界定。笔者认为在海商法的“船舶优先权制度”、“海事赔偿责任限制制度”以及“船舶碰撞侵权主体制度”中，“船舶经营人”的概念应当作如下规定： (一) 船舶优先权制度中“船舶经营人”指对产生具有船舶优先权的海事请求的船舶有物权上的控制力的人，即由占有、使用、收益及处分船舶之权能的全部或部分的人。 (二) 海事赔偿责任限制制度中的“船舶经营人”指除《海商法》规定的船舶所有人、承租人、救助人以及他们对其行为、过失负责的人、责任保险人以外的任何其他限制性债权的责任人。 (三) 船舶碰撞侵权主体中的“船舶经营人”指对船舶海上航行安全负有责任的实际控制船舶的人。本文是笔者在学习海商法过程中对有关“船舶经营人”所产生之疑惑的初步思考，不足之处，请各位老师、同学斧正，不甚感激!
[Abstract]:The maritime law involves the main body of ship liability, which can be divided into different levels. The first level is the subject of the substantive law of maritime commerce; the second level is the subject stipulation of "quasi-procedural"; the third level is the subject stipulation of complete procedure. "ship operator" is a relatively special concept of subject, which is frequently used in various levels of maritime law of our country. If the shipowner does not actually use and control the ship, he shall specify the "ship operator", but there is no clear definition of the term "ship operator". When the concept of "ship operator" is not clearly defined by laws and regulations, the concept of "ship operator" has aroused much controversy in practice. In this paper, the author studies the concept of "ship operator" and tries to resolve the dispute of "ship operator" in practice, aiming at the question of "ship operator" at present and the problems that arise in practice. By comparing international conventions, relevant foreign laws and regulations of our country, and considering the multi-level characteristics of maritime law subject, this paper analyzes the relationship between the concept of multi-agent and "ship operator" in shipping business. Furthermore, the article makes a further analysis of the provisions of various systems concerning "ship operator", such as "maritime lien system", "limitation of liability for maritime claims" and "ship operator" in the subject system of ship collision infringement, and concludes that: It may not be easy to give "ship operator" a universal definition applicable to all fields of maritime law, because the main body of maritime law in our country is not from a single angle or a single level, so, The definition of "ship operator" should consider comprehensively the purpose of setting up each system and the characteristics of the subject of specific legal system, and define the concept of "ship operator" in each legal system separately. The author thinks that in the maritime law "maritime lien system", "maritime claim liability limitation system" and "ship collision tort subject system", the concept of "ship operator" should be as follows: (1) in the maritime lien system, "maritime operator" means a person who has control over a ship having maritime claims having a maritime lien, that is, a person in possession, use, proceeds and authority to dispose of a ship, in whole or in part. (2) "ship operator" in the system of limitation of liability for maritime claims means the shipowner, charterer, salvor and the person responsible for their conduct or negligence, except as stipulated in the Maritime Law, The person responsible for any restrictive claim other than the liability insurer. (3) "ship operator" in the subject of ship collision infringement means the person who actually controls the ship who is responsible for the safety of the ship's navigation at sea. This article is the author in the study of maritime law in the process of the "ship operator" caused by the confusion of the preliminary thinking, deficiencies, please teachers, classmates ax straight, not very grateful!
【学位授予单位】：上海海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D922.296

【引证文献】