海上危险货物托运人严格责任研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 19:50

本文选题：危险货物 + 托运人　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：海上危险货物运输的特殊性一直在航运界和海商法理论界受到关注。如今,大量的危险货物通过海上运输环节运往世界各地,我国作为最大的发展中国家,已经成为海运危险货物的重要集散地。因此,我国航运界和海商法理论界日益重视有关海上危险货物运输的法律问题。海上危险货物运输事故时有发生,这固然与海上运输方式本身的风险和货物的危险性有关,但亦不乏人为因素。海上危险货物托运人往往是货物所有人或者与货物所有人有着密切的关系,处于更有利的地位去避免或减少损失。因而,国际公约及各国海商法对海上危险货物托运人更多地规定了特殊的义务和责任,这是海上危险货物运输的一个重要特点。而作为责任制度的核心,归责原则不仅影响到责任的其他制度,更决定着司法实践中责任的认定。海上危险货物托运人是否以及如何对承运人承担严格责任是其归责原则的核心问题。因此,通过考察相关的主要国际公约以及有影响力的英美等国相关成文法和判例法,运用比较分析法、价值分析法与批判分析法相结合的研究方法,集中探讨海上危险货物托运人的严格责任,这对界定海上危险货物运输事故中托运人应承担的责任,完善我国相关立法和司法,以及最大程度上保护我国国家和国民利益均具有现实指导意义。首先,探讨危险货物的认定途径或标准。因为货物可不可以被认定为是危险的,直接决定着托运人是否承担特定义务并可能适用特殊的归责原则。其次,阐述海上危险货物托运人承担严格责任的理论依据、法律依据及基本条件。再次,考虑承运人方面的因素对海上危险货物托运人严格责任的影响,明确此种严格责任的例外情形。最后,指出我国在海上危险货物托运人严格责任立法及相关司法实践方面的不足,并为完善我国现行相关立法和司法提出建议。
[Abstract]:The particularity of the transport of dangerous goods by sea has been concerned by the shipping and maritime law theorists. Nowadays, a large number of dangerous goods are transported to all parts of the world by sea transportation. As the largest developing country, China has become an important distribution center for shipping dangerous goods. Therefore, the shipping and maritime law theorists in our country pay more and more attention to the legal issues concerning the transport of dangerous goods by sea. Maritime dangerous goods transport accidents occur from time to time, which is related to the risks of the mode of transport by sea and the risks of the goods, but there are also some human factors. Shippers of dangerous goods at sea are often cargo owners or have a close relationship with cargo owners and are in a better position to avoid or reduce losses. Therefore, international conventions and the maritime laws of various countries have more and more special obligations and responsibilities for the shippers of dangerous goods by sea, which is an important characteristic of the carriage of dangerous goods by sea. As the core of liability system, the principle of imputation not only affects other systems of responsibility, but also determines the determination of responsibility in judicial practice. Whether and how the shippers of dangerous goods at sea bear strict liability to the carrier is the core issue of their imputation principle. Therefore, by examining the relevant major international conventions and relevant statutes and case law of influential countries such as the United States and the United States, we use the comparative analysis method, the value analysis method and the critical analysis method. This paper focuses on the strict liability of the shippers of dangerous goods at sea, which defines the liability of the shippers in the maritime transport accidents of dangerous goods, and consummates the relevant legislation and judicature of our country. And the maximum protection of our national and national interests have practical significance. First of all, to explore the identification of dangerous goods means or standards. Because whether the goods can be considered dangerous or not directly determines whether the shipper has a specific obligation and may apply the special imputation principle. Secondly, it expounds the theoretical basis, legal basis and basic conditions for the shippers of dangerous goods at sea to bear strict liability. Thirdly, considering the influence of carrier factors on the strict liability of shippers of dangerous goods at sea, the exception of such strict liability is clarified. Finally, it points out the deficiency of our country in the legislation of strict liability of shippers of dangerous goods at sea and related judicial practice, and puts forward some suggestions for perfecting the relevant legislation and judicature of our country.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.294;D996.19

【引证文献】