合同相对性原则在商事领域的扩张

发布时间：2018-05-20 09:24

本文选题：合同相对性 + 扩张　；参考：《西南政法大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：合同相对性原则是古典契约理论的基石之一，是近代民法所推崇的“意思自治”原则的集中体现。该原则在大陆法系和英美法系都获得了广泛的承认和尊重，尤其在英美法系被严格遵守。但因商事法律关系往往涉及多方当事人，需要兼顾各方当事人的利益。加之，随着社会经济的快速发展，合同相对性原则确立之时的社会经济条件己经发生了翻天覆地的变化。这使得合同相对性原则与现实社会生活之间产生诸多的冲突。如果严格适用合同相对性原则，势必带来严重的不公正。在此背景下，各国法律以及相关国际公约在一定程度上突破了合同相对性原则，试图解决上述困扰。故而，合同相对性原则在商事领域的扩张呈现愈演愈烈之势。笔者将从合同相对性原则的扩张对商事领域的影响出发，以扩张的必要性和适当性为依据，着眼于法律的稳定性和正义性，辅之以商事领域的公司法人人格否认制度、股东派生诉讼制度、破产管理人制度及票据法律关系为例证，对上述问题提出自己的见解。文章包括四部分的内容，其结构如下：第一部分：对合同相对性原则的基本理论进行阐释。本部分包括合同相对性原则的内涵、理论基础及扩张等内容，阐明该篇问题论题产生的理论背景。第二部分：对合同相对性原则在商事领域的扩张进行价值分析。本部分包括扩张的法理基础、扩张的正当性和必要性等内容，明确商法与合同法的关系，探寻合同相对性原则在商事领域扩张的意义，为后文的例证分析设定逻辑前提。第三部分：对合同相对性原则在商事领的扩张进行例证分析。本部分包括对公司法人人格否认制度、股东派生诉讼制度、票据法律关系、海商法律制度、保险法相关规定进行分析，明确合同相对性原则在商事领域的扩张乃必然趋势。第四部分：合同相对性原则在商事领域的扩张应当有所限制及结语。本部分在肯定合同相对性原则在民商事领域仍能发挥积极作用的基础上，得出合同相对性原则在商事领域的扩张应有所限制的结论。
[Abstract]:The principle of relativity of contract is one of the cornerstones of classical contract theory, and it is the concentrated embodiment of the principle of "autonomy of will" advocated by modern civil law. This principle has been widely recognized and respected in civil law system and common law system, especially in common law system. However, commercial legal relations often involve multiple parties, so it is necessary to take into account the interests of all parties. In addition, with the rapid development of social economy, the social and economic conditions have changed dramatically when the principle of relativity of contract was established. This causes many conflicts between the principle of relativity of contract and real social life. If the principle of relativity of contract is strictly applied, it will bring serious injustice. In this context, the laws of various countries and relevant international conventions break through the principle of relativity of contract to a certain extent and try to solve the above problems. Therefore, the expansion of the principle of relativity of contract in the commercial field is becoming more and more intense. The author will proceed from the influence of the principle of relativity of contract on the commercial field, based on the necessity and appropriateness of the expansion, focusing on the stability and justice of the law, supplemented by the corporate personality denial system in the commercial field. The shareholder derivative litigation system, the bankruptcy administrator system and the legal relationship of bills are exemplified, and their own opinions on the above problems are put forward. The article includes four parts, and its structure is as follows: The first part: explain the basic theory of the principle of relativity of contract. This part includes the connotation, theoretical basis and expansion of the principle of relativity of contract. The second part: the value analysis of the expansion of the principle of relativity of contract in the commercial field. This part includes the legal basis of expansion, the legitimacy and necessity of expansion and so on. It clarifies the relationship between commercial law and contract law, explores the significance of the expansion of the principle of relativity of contract in the commercial field, and sets the logical premise for the later illustrative analysis. The third part: the expansion of the principle of relativity of contract in commercial law. This part includes the legal personality denial system, shareholder derivative litigation system, bill legal relationship, maritime commercial legal system, insurance law related provisions to analyze the expansion of the principle of relativity of contract in the commercial field is an inevitable trend. The fourth part: the expansion of the principle of relativity of contract in the commercial field should be limited and conclusion. On the basis of affirming that the principle of relativity of contract can still play an active role in the field of civil and commercial affairs, this part draws the conclusion that the expansion of the principle of relativity of contract in the field of commercial affairs should be limited.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D923.6

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