ISM规则若干法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-23 08:32

本文选题：国际安全管理规则 + 适航　；参考：《上海海运学院》2001年硕士论文

【摘要】： 传统的船舶安全管理将重点放在船舶本身的管理上，主要是针对船舶、船舶设备和船舶的技术要求标准，但从实践中看来，这并不能够完全有效地解决船舶安全营运的问题。从管理科学的角度来看，仅有技术规则是不够的，还要有保证技术规则能够付诸实施，并对技术规则的执行进行反馈的运行保障系统，这样，才能有效地发挥技术规则的效用，达到制定技术规则的目标。为顺应当今国际航运业的发展形势，确保船舶的安全营运，加强对人为因素的控制，《国际安全营运和防止污染管理规则》（ISM规则）在IMO第18届大会（1993）上就应运而生了。1994年5月，IMO缔约国大会又通过了《国际海上人命安全公约》第九章“船舶安全营运管理”，从而使ISM规则成为了强制性规则。 ISM规则是一个国际公认的，关于船舶安全营运和防污染方面的国际标准，它要求负责船舶营运的公司和营运船舶，建立起一套科学、系统和程序化的安全管理体系，并要求船旗国主管机关或其认可的机构，对公司和船舶的安全管理体系进行审核和发证。 ISM规则实施以后所引发的一系列的法律问题，尤其是这一切将会对船公司带来什么样的影响，已经引起了国内外海运界、海商法界很多人士的关注。本文将从比较系统的角度来分析ISM规则所带来的一系列的法律问题。第一章首先对ISM规则作一简单的概述，介绍了ISM规则产生的背景及其发展、目标与宗旨及其主要内容、外部审核和发证情况和ISM规则的履约情况等。第二章讨论了ISM规则对船舶适航性的影响。首先，SMC和DOC证书已成为适航证书的新成员；船东在配备船员方面的责任将大大增加；使船东在装备船舶和供应品等方面的义务更加明确；使“谨慎处理”的概念由模糊变得较为简单和明确。从而大胆预言，ISM规则使适航性概念回到普通法下的绝对适航的标准。在美国，如果船东在评审程序中发现了缺失却并未采取任何纠正的措施，这种疏忽很有可能被拿来作为证明船东未尽必要的注意和措置的证据，根据《哈特法》的规定，船东将丧失主张免责事由的权利，而在美国《海上货物运输法》下，，只有该项疏忽与货损之间有因果关系时，船东才会丧失主张免责事由的权利。第三章重点讨论了ISM规则对责任限制权利的影响。ISM规则的生效实施，不会影响承运人根据《海牙规则》所享有的单位责任限制的权利。而在《海牙 —威斯比规则》和我国《海商法》下，ISM规则会使船公司的“蓄意造成或明知可能造成这一损大而轻率地作为或不作为”易于暴露，从而使船东易于丧失夕．主张责任限制的权利／‘船东的实际过失与知情”以及“蓄意造成”或“轻率地 ”作为或不作为”等概念的含义同以前相比较为明确。另外还分忻了‘＞定人员” 和船东之间的关系，指出指定人员的行为并不必然是船东的行为，除非他本人就是公司的高级管理层之一。庄失国，一旦原告可以举证船来有严重不趁守ISM规则的行为且该行为与损人的发生之问有因果关系时，则可初步推定船东有疏大行为或船舶有不适航的情形，因为在完全遵守ISM规则的情况下，船东想要去证明其对于过夫或船舶不适航的状况并不知悄或知悉是相当困难的。而rM规则对美国们99O年汕污法》中关于责任限制的规定可能产生的最大影响是船东在疏于遵守ISM规则的情况下，是否会被视为“违反关于安全、建造或营运应适用的联邦规则的行为”。第四章主要分析了ISM规则实施后，船东在投保时的告知义务比以前有所加重，并认为并非要事无巨细都要向保险人告知，而是告知实施IS＼1规则的主蛮内容，同时使时会保险条款中的“船东的疏忽”和“船员的疏忽”的分界线变得清楚明确。另外，通过对SKULD保赔协会2000年章程的分折，认为H＼1舰则对保赔保险的影响主要在于入会条件的变化，以后没有IS＼1证书的船舶将会被保赔协会拒之门外或在投保时就ISM实施情况有欺骗行为的，将会遭到拒赔。
[Abstract]:The traditional ship safety management focuses on the management of the ship itself, mainly for ships and ships.
The technical requirements of ship equipment and ships, but in practice, this can not be completely effective.
From the point of view of management science, only technical rules are not enough.
A running guarantee system that ensures that technical rules can be put into practice and feedback on the execution of technical rules.
Only in this way can we effectively bring into play the effectiveness of technical rules and achieve the goal of formulating technical rules.
Today, the development of international shipping industry ensures the safe operation of ships and strengthens the control of human factors.
International safety operation and pollution prevention management rules (ISM rules) at the eighteenth session of the IMO (1993)
In May of.1994, the general assembly of IMO states passed the international maritime safety of life.
About ninth chapter "ship safety operation management", so that ISM rules become mandatory rules.
The ISM rule is an internationally recognized international standard for ship safety operations and pollution prevention.
It requires companies and operating vessels responsible for shipping operations to establish a scientific, systematic and procedural safety.
The whole management system, and requiring the flag state authorities or their authorized institutions to manage the safety of the company and ships.
The system is audited and certified.
After the implementation of the ISM rules, a series of legal problems will be triggered.
What kind of impact the company has brought has attracted the attention of many maritime and maritime law circles at home and abroad.
This article will analyze a series of legal problems brought about by the ISM rules from a comparative perspective.
The first chapter gives a brief overview of ISM rules, and introduces the background of ISM rules.
Its development, objectives and purposes, its main contents, external auditing and certification, and the implementation of the ISM rules.
Situation and so on.
The second chapter discusses the impact of ISM rules on ship seaworthiness. First, SMC and DOC certificates have been established.
As a new member of the airworthiness certificate, the shipowner's liability for the crew will be greatly increased, so that the shipowner is equipped.
The obligations of ships and supplies are more clear; the concept of "prudent handling" becomes more obscure.
Simple and clear. So bold to predict that the ISM rules make airworthiness concept return to the absolute airworthiness under common law.
Standard.
In the United States, if shipowners find deficiencies in the review process, they do not take any corrective measures.
Such negligence is likely to be used as proof that the shipowners did not pay enough attention and handling evidence.
In the provisions of special law, shipowners will lose the right to claim exemption, while in the United States, the law of carriage of goods by sea.
The owner will lose the right to claim exemption only if there is a causal relationship between the negligence and the damage.
Li.
The third chapter focuses on the impact of the ISM rules on the right to limitation of liability, and the effective implementation of the.ISM rules.
It will not affect the right of the carrier to limit the unit liability under the Hague rules. In Hague
Under the rules of the visa and the maritime law of China, the ISM rules will deliberately create or expose the shipping companies.
Knowledge may cause such a large and reckless act or omission to be easily exposed, thus making it easier for shipowners to lose.
Xi. The right to claim responsibility or "the actual fault and knowledge of the shipowner" and "deliberately" or "recklessly".
The meaning of "do or omission" is more clear than before.
The relationship with the shipowner indicates that the conduct of the designated person is not necessarily the act of the shipowner unless he himself.
It's one of the top management of the company.
Zhuang lost state, once the plaintiff can prove that the ship has a serious breach of the ISM rules, and the act is
When there is a causal relationship between the occurrence of the loss of human beings, it is possible to preliminarily infer that the shipowners have the act of sparing or the ship is unseaworthy.
In the case of full compliance with the ISM rules, the shipowner wants to prove that he or she has a husband or ship.
It is quite difficult to know whether the ship is airworthiness or not, and the rM rules apply to the US in 99O.
The greatest impact on the limitation of liability in pollution law may be the shipowner's negligence in observing the ISM rules.
Will it be considered a violation of the federal rules applicable to safety, construction or operation?
For "."
The fourth chapter mainly analyzes that after the implementation of the ISM rules, the owner's duty of disclosure is more than before.
It is important to inform the insurer that nothing is important, but to inform the principal of implementing the IS / 1 rule.
The boundary between the owner's negligence and the crew's negligence in the insurance clause.
Become clearer and clearer. In addition, by referring to the 2000 Charter of the SKULD guarantee and Compensation Association, it is considered that the H 1 ships
The impact on insurance coverage is mainly due to the change of membership conditions. Ships with no IS / 1 certificates will be available later.
If the insurance association refuses to exit or is insured, it will be refused to pay for cheating on the implementation of ISM.
【学位授予单位】：上海海运学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：D996

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