海上保险法中保证法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 05:08

本文选题：保险合同 + 保证制度　；参考：《大连海事大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 保证理论是英美保险法中的重要理论之一,保证条款是保险合同的基本内容,被保险人违反保证义务将直接导致保险合同终止。保证条款也是最大诚信原则在保险法中的具体体现,实践中对于控制保险风险具有重要作用。但是在我国保险法中,仅有《海商法》对此作出明文规定,其重要性更未明确体现于我国《保险法》对一般保险合同的规定中。很明显,保证理论在我国的保险立法及实践中有待得到进一步深化。本文在介绍了海上保险法中保证制度的渊源、理论基础的前提下着重分析了英美法系保证制度的内容,理论上分析了保证制度的合理与不合理之处。其核心之处在于通过深入分析保证的法律性质,提出合理的违反保证的判断标准及违反保证的法律后果。回答了采用何种规则才能使保证制度更具有公平性,更好地平衡保险人与被保险人之间利益这一问题。文章旨在通过借鉴英美等国的保证制度,针对我国海上保险保证制度的缺陷,结合我国海上保险市场的发展状况,在吸取各国改革的经验教训的基础上提出完善我国海上保险法之保证制度的方法。本文通过研究认为,保证制度在我国海上保险法中仍应存在。在建立和完善我国海上保险法的保证制度的过程中,笔者建议从以下几个方面来实现。(一)应在《海商法》中以定义方式明确规定保证的法律性质并明确区分确认性保证和允诺性保证。(二)我国海商法中不宜规定默示保证。(三)我国应明确规定保证的构成要件,这样有利于法院在审理案件中对此类条款的认定,也有利于被保险人对此类条款的识别和履行。(四)我国应明确规定判断是否违反保证的标准并进一步明确违反保证的法律后果。(五)在现阶段,有必要规定保险人对保证条款的解释说明义务。
[Abstract]:The warranty theory is one of the important theories in the Anglo-American insurance law. The warranty clause is the basic content of the insurance contract, and the insured's breach of the warranty obligation will directly lead to the termination of the insurance contract. The guarantee clause is also the embodiment of the principle of maximum good faith in the insurance law, and plays an important role in controlling insurance risk in practice. However, in the insurance law of our country, only the Maritime Law makes explicit provisions on this, and its importance is not clearly reflected in the general insurance contract provisions of the Insurance Law of our country. Obviously, the theory of guarantee needs to be further deepened in our country's insurance legislation and practice. This paper introduces the origin of the guarantee system in the marine insurance law, analyzes the contents of the guarantee system in the common law system on the premise of theoretical basis, and theoretically analyzes the rationality and irrationality of the guarantee system. The core of it is to put forward the reasonable judgment standard of breach of warranty and the legal consequence of breach of warranty through deeply analyzing the legal nature of guarantee. The author answers the question of what rules can be adopted to make the guarantee system more equitable and to balance the interests between the insurer and the insured. The purpose of this paper is to combine the development of the marine insurance market in China with the defects of the warranty system of marine insurance in China by referring to the guarantee system of the United States and the United States. On the basis of absorbing the experiences and lessons of various countries' reform, this paper puts forward the methods of perfecting the guarantee system of China's marine insurance law. This paper thinks that the guarantee system should still exist in the marine insurance law of our country. In the course of establishing and perfecting the guarantee system of China's marine insurance law, the author suggests to realize it from the following aspects. (I) the legal nature of warranties shall be clearly defined in the Maritime Code by definition and a clear distinction shall be made between confirmative warranties and permissive warranties. (2) tacit warranty should not be stipulated in China's maritime law. (3) China should clearly define the constitutive elements of the guarantee, which is conducive to the court's determination of such clauses in the trial of cases, and also to the identification and performance of such clauses by the insured. (4) China should clearly define the criteria for judging breach of warranty and further clarify the legal consequences of breach of warranty. (5) at the present stage, it is necessary to stipulate the obligation of the insurer to interpret the warranty clause.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D912.28;D912.29

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