票据瑕疵研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 22:38

本文选题：票据瑕疵 + 伪造　；参考：《山东大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：票据作为国际、国内商事贸易活动中重要的支付手段和信用工具,“是商品交易的血管里流动着的血液”,随着我国市场经济的发展,世界经济贸易的交往日益频繁,票据的使用越来越广泛。票据当事人往往因各种各样的原因,使票据上的记载事项和票据法规定的记载事项不相符合,导致票据关系的法律效力受到影响。随之而来的票据伪造、票据变造等案件也呈上升趋势,严重影响着票据当事人的权利义务。我国票据法和刑法中也都有关于票据瑕疵的规定。由于两部立法在概念衔接上没有达到统一,使得在实践和理论中使用与票据瑕疵相关的概念时,出现了不必要的混淆。因此,本文首先对票据伪造、票据变造等票据瑕疵的概念和构成要件进行了诠释并加以确认统一。其次,票据瑕疵法律效力在票据法理论和票据实践中是一个疑难问题,如何处理票据瑕疵行为的效力问题也非常值得研究。由于票据无因性的特性,使得票据行为与票据本身在效力上表现出在形式上的相牵连,在实质内容上的相分离特征,这一特性不同于民商法一般规则,使得在票据实务中如何确定票据瑕疵的法律效力成为一个难点。同时,由于一般票据涉及票据当事人较多,各票据当事人均无过错、票据瑕疵行为人又无从查找或无力偿还时,此时票据真正权利人的损失由谁分担、如何分担的问题我国票据法并无明确规定。例如付款人善意而且无过错地对伪造票据付款,伪造人又无从查找或无力偿还时的损失分担问题。因此本文在对全球范围内关于票据瑕疵法律规定进行扫描的基础上,着重研究了付款人对伪造票据错误付款的损失分担问题。更为紧要的是,因票据伪造、变造等行为引起的假票、伪票、克隆票、无效票等问题在很大程度上妨碍了我国票据事业的健康发展,给当事人带来了很大损失。学术界已经对如何避免和防范伪造、变造等瑕疵票据的侵害想出了很多办法,但瑕疵票据行为仍层出不穷,伪造、变造票据等行为在个别地区仍很猖獗,因此本文最后分析了我国应如何规范并调整票据瑕疵行为。希望本文的写作对减少票据纠纷,保障交易安全,促进票据流通有所裨益。
[Abstract]:Bill, as an important means of payment and credit in international and domestic commercial trade, "is the blood flowing in the blood of commodity trading". With the development of market economy in our country, the exchanges of world economy and trade become more and more frequent. Bills are more and more widely used. The parties to a bill often for various reasons make the record items on the bill and the record items stipulated in the negotiable instrument law do not accord with each other, which results in the legal effect of the bill relation being affected. The following cases, such as bill forgery and bill alteration, are also on the rise, seriously affecting the rights and obligations of the parties to the bill. Our country negotiable instrument law and criminal law also have about the bill flaw stipulation. Due to the fact that the two legislations are not unified in concept cohesion, there is unnecessary confusion in the use of the concepts related to the defects of bills in practice and theory. Therefore, this paper firstly interprets and confirms the concepts and elements of bill defects such as bill forgery and bill alteration. Secondly, the legal effect of bill defects is a difficult problem in the theory and practice of bill law, and how to deal with the problem of the effectiveness of bill defects is also worth studying. Because of the non-causality of the bill, the behavior of the bill and the bill itself are implicated in form and separated in substance, which is different from the general rules of civil and commercial law. It is difficult to determine the legal effect of bill defects in bill practice. At the same time, because the general bill involves more parties to the bill, all the parties to the bill have no fault, and the person who is defective in the bill is unable to find or repay the bill, who shares the loss of the real obligee of the bill at this time, How to share the issue of our country's negotiable instruments law is not clearly stipulated. For example, if the payer pays forgery in good faith and without fault, the forger will have no way to find out or share the loss when he is unable to repay it. Therefore, based on the scanning of the legal provisions on bill defects in the world, this paper focuses on the problem of the loss allocation of false bill payment by the payer. What is more important is that the problems of forged, cloned and invalid tickets caused by the forgery and alteration of bills greatly hinder the healthy development of our country's bill cause and bring great losses to the parties concerned. Academic circles have come up with a lot of ways to avoid and prevent the infringement of defective bills such as forgery and alteration, but the acts of defective bills are still emerging in endlessly, forgery, alteration and other acts are still rampant in individual regions. Therefore, this paper finally analyzes how to regulate and adjust the bill defect behavior in China. It is hoped that the writing of this paper will help to reduce the disputes of bills, ensure the security of transactions and promote the circulation of bills.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.287

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