海事赔偿责任限制程序问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 23:09

本文选题：海事赔偿责任限制 + 责任限制基金　；参考：《华东政法学院》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】： 海事赔偿责任限制制度是指在发生重大海损事故，给他人造成重大财产损失或人身伤亡时，责任方可根据法律的规定将其赔偿责任限制在一定范围内的法律制度，，这是海商法中独特而重要的法律制度，对于保护海上运输业的稳步发展有着重要的作用。我国的海事赔偿责任限制制度随着《中华人民共和国海商法》等法律法规的制定和颁布，在实体法方面的规范正日趋完备，基本形成体系。但在程序法方面，则存在较多的不足。其中最为明显的是，我国《海事诉讼特别程序法》中仅对海事赔偿责任限制基金的设立作了规定，然而，由于基金的设立本身并不涉及责任人最终能否享受责任限制的问题，因此，如果当事人就此向法院提出予以裁判的请求，在程序上应如何处理缺乏相应的法律规定。由于海事赔偿责任限制制度中程序法与实体法配套不齐及程序法本身存在的缺陷，致使实体法中规定的当事人的权利没有得到程序法的保障，海事审判实践中亦存在较大争议，产生了司法不统一的情况。随着我国海事司法审判的发展，近年来相关案件不断出现，解决这一问题更显得尤为迫切。本文从介绍海事赔偿责任限制制度的概况入手，阐述了目前我国海事赔偿责任限制程序的有关法律规定，归纳了立法中未设置专门的海事赔偿责任限制程序的理由，并对该些理由的成立与否逐一进行了评析。在梳理和汇总了一部分由于实体法和程序法不配套以及程序法本身缺陷在审判实践中造成的问题后，根据国际公约的有关规定阐述了在国际海事立法中设立责任限制基金的目的和法律后果，进而对前述一系列问题存在的根源进行了分析。此后，通过介绍世界上主要航运国家关于海事赔偿责任限制程序问题的规定，总结出一些对我国有借鉴意义的做法。最后以民事诉讼的诉权理论为基础，分析指出对责任人是否享有责任限制的审查可以构成一个独立的诉，并从海事赔偿责任限制之诉提起的时间、管辖问题、法院对责任限制之诉的审查和受理以及海事赔偿责任限制基金的设立和分配等方面提出了完善我国海事赔偿责任限制程序的若干建议。
[Abstract]:The limitation system of liability for maritime claims refers to the legal system in which the liability for compensation can be limited to a certain extent in accordance with the provisions of the law when serious average accidents occur, causing serious property losses or personal casualties to others. This is a unique and important legal system in maritime law, which plays an important role in protecting the steady development of maritime transport industry. With the establishment and promulgation of laws and regulations such as the Maritime Law of the people's Republic of China, the system of limitation of liability for maritime claims in our country is becoming more and more complete in the aspect of substantive law. However, there are many deficiencies in procedural law. The most obvious one is that the establishment of the limitation Fund for liability for Maritime claims is only stipulated in the Law of Special procedure for Maritime Proceedings of our country. However, since the establishment of the Fund itself does not involve the question of whether the responsible person can ultimately enjoy the limitation of liability, Therefore, if the parties apply to the court for adjudication, how to deal with the procedural lack of corresponding legal provisions. Due to the mismatch between the procedural law and the substantive law in the limitation system of liability for maritime claims and the defects of the procedural law itself, the rights of the parties stipulated in the substantive law are not guaranteed by the procedural law, and there are still great disputes in the practice of maritime trial. There has been a lack of uniformity in the administration of justice. With the development of maritime judicial trial in our country, the related cases appear continuously in recent years, so it is more urgent to solve this problem. This paper introduces the general situation of the limitation system of maritime claim liability, expounds the relevant legal provisions of the limitation procedure of maritime claim liability in our country at present, and summarizes the reasons why there is no special limitation procedure for maritime claim liability in the legislation. And the reasons for the establishment or not are evaluated one by one. After combing and summing up some of the problems caused by the lack of matching substantive law and procedural law and the defects of procedural law itself in trial practice, According to the relevant provisions of international conventions, the purpose and legal consequences of establishing a liability limitation fund in international maritime legislation are expounded, and the causes of these problems are analyzed. After that, by introducing the regulations of the main shipping countries on the limitation procedure of maritime claims liability, the author sums up some useful practices for our country. Finally, based on the theory of litigation rights in civil litigation, the author points out that the review of liability limitation of the responsible person can constitute an independent action, and the time and jurisdiction of the action from the limitation of liability for maritime claims. The court has put forward some suggestions on how to perfect the limitation procedure of maritime claim liability in the aspects of the examination and acceptance of liability limitation action and the establishment and distribution of the limitation fund for maritime claim liability.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D925.1;D922.294

【引证文献】