海上保险代位求偿权问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 07:56

本文选题：海上保险 + 代位求偿权　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 国际贸易的繁荣带动了海上保险业发展,海上保险代位求偿权的行使受到了更多的关注。海上保险代位求偿权作为当今海商法的热点问题之一,在其概念、理论基础、法律性质、取得、行使及其法律保护等方面存在大量争议,也引发不少实践问题。我国现行法律对此问题的规定不健全,有些规定较为笼统,缺乏操作性,还有的条款相互矛盾,加之很多实务问题都没有涉及,所以对海上保险代位求偿权的研究具有重要意义。本文参考国内学者的相关观点,比较分析国内外关于海上代位求偿权的规定,试图以大陆法系的民法理论为基础,对海上保险代位求偿权进行比较研究。文章共分四部分。首先,在海上保险代位求偿权概述部分中,简要介绍定义之后,指出需要注意不同法系在关于该定义理解上的一个立法区别,然后系统介绍不同的理论依据学说,并进行深入分析,特别指出其民法学基础是清偿代位权。其次,海上保险代位求偿权的基本内容部分里,在分析其所涉及的三方法律关系时,提出应将海上保险人可以对非造成保险事故的第三人行使代位求偿权的情况作为例外在法律上进行补充和说明;赞同再保险人应当享有代位求偿权,并结合补偿原则、共命运原则进行分析;结合对法律属性的争论对相关实务问题进行探讨,依据法律认为其应为法定转移之债。再次,海上保险代位求偿权的取得与行使部分是本文的重点。本文认为在保险人给付保险赔偿金后才取得保险代位求偿权,并对其取得要件问题上赞同三要件说;认为权益转让书在我国仅有保险人取得保险代位求偿权的证据效力,并非不可缺少的基础性法律文件。在行使途径问题中,本文将实务中仲裁协议达成的情况分三种展开论述,认为在被保险人与第三人之间的争议已经提交仲裁的情况下,如不允许保险人参加仲裁,将使得保险人的代位求偿权无法行使。在行使名义方面,本文结合司法实际深入分析,认为该权得以保险人自己的名义来行使。海上保险代位求偿权在行使中并非没有限制。在该权行使的对象限制里,本文认为“被保险人的家庭人员或者其组成人员”中的“组成人员”可解释为被保险人的组成人员,扩大到法人及其它组织领域。对于“姐妹船”条款的限制,本文建议,只要保险人能够举证并依法查属实,审判机关就应确认不构成姐妹船船东,保险人仍可以行使自己的代位求偿权。在该权行使的范围限制中,由于法律没有规定,本文建议应以被保险人有权主张的权利为限,及以实际支付的保险金为限,不支持非保险责任范围内的赔付可产生代位求偿权。在该权行使的时效限制中,由于法律规定不健全,本文认为其须受被保险人对第三人索赔时效限制,并给出最新施行的法律规定中关于时效中断的规定,结合英国的规定,建议我国借鉴“红线条款”和“周密保全条款”来解决实际困难。最后,在海上保险代位求偿权的法律保护问题中,主要是分析该权和损害赔偿请求权都不足以满足被保险人的损失而相冲突时的法律保护问题。由于立法没有规定,本文分析两大法系的学说和相关法律规定,认为在海上保险代位求偿权与被保险人的未受保险给付补偿部分对第三人的损害赔偿请求权发生冲突的时候,被保险人的赔偿请求权应当优先。
[Abstract]:The prosperity of international trade drives the development of maritime insurance industry , and the exercise of subrogation right of marine insurance is paid more attention .

Firstly , in the summary part of the subrogation claim right in the marine insurance subrogation , it is pointed out that after the definition is briefly introduced , it is pointed out that there is a need to pay attention to the difference between different laws in the understanding of the definition , then the system introduces the different theory of theoretical basis , and makes an in - depth analysis . In particular , it points out that its civil law foundation is the right of subrogation .

Secondly , in the basic content part of the subrogation right of marine insurance , when analyzing the three - party legal relationship involved , it is proposed that the marine insurance person can supplement and explain the third party who does not cause the insurance accident to exercise the subrogation right as an exception , and agrees that the reinsurance person should enjoy the right of subrogation , and analyze it according to the principle of compensation and common destiny , and discuss the relevant substantive issues according to the dispute of the legal property , which is considered as the debt of legal transfer according to the law .

Thirdly , the acquisition and exercise of insurance subrogation right in marine insurance is the focus of this paper . In this paper , it is believed that the insurance subrogation right is obtained only after the insurer pays the insurance compensation , and the three elements are agreed to it . It is believed that the right transfer book is only valid for the insurer to obtain insurance subrogation right . It is not an indispensable basic legal document .

In the exercise of the path problem , this paper divides the arbitration agreement in practice into three kinds of discussion . It is believed that if the dispute between the insured and the third party has been submitted to arbitration , the insurer ' s subrogation right cannot be exercised if the dispute between the insured and the third party has been submitted to arbitration . In the exercise of its nominal terms , the author considers that the right can be exercised in the name of the insurer in combination with the actual in - depth analysis of the judicial practice .

In the limitation of the limitation of the terms of the " sister ship " , the author suggests that the insurer shall be subject to the limitation of limitation of the claim by the insured and the insurer may still be able to exercise its own subrogation right . In the limitation of the limitation of the exercise of the right , the author suggests that the insurer shall be subject to the limitation of limitation of the claim for the third party and give the latest laws and regulations concerning the interruption of limitation . In the context of the provisions of the United Kingdom , it is suggested that China should draw on the provisions of the Red Line and the Comprehensive Terms of Security to solve practical difficulties .

Finally , in the legal protection of subrogation right in marine insurance , it is mainly to analyze the legal protection problem when the right and the right to claim damages are not enough to meet the loss of the insured .
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.284

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