有限公司章程登记效力探析

发布时间：2018-06-27 08:04

本文选题：有限公司 + 登记效力　；参考：《华东政法大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 商事登记制度要求对商事经营中重要的或与经营之开展有着直接关系的事项进行登记备案,部分事项要进行登记,还有部分事项要进行公告公示,备案的商业文件还要允许公众查阅。公司登记制度实现了商法中商主体公示主义原则,为商事交易行为的第三人呈现了公司交易的外观。公示效果及公司相关文件由国家机关监督管理所赋予的公信力提高,为商法外观理论的适用铺垫了实质条件。但是,我国商事登记制度偏重于行政管理的公法功能而严重忽视商事登记的私法价值或者私法功能,强调以公法职能调整社会经济秩序,而忽视私法功能对于交易安全的积极作用。具体表现为法律规定中商事登记公示所产生法律效力鲜有提及(仅有《公司法》第33条规定了股东变更登记的对抗效力),也忽略了商事登记公示对公司章程效力的影响。然而,从公司章程的契约性质,亦可推知公司章程自治虽在强行法和公序良俗的约束下受到了一定的限制,但这种限制下的自由处置仍足以对相关者的权益产生实质性的影响,使相关者对其充满了疑虑,适用者不得不根据自己的学识和理解来解释公司章程公示的效力,因而在法的适用实践中出现了公司章程效力因事而异、因人不同的混乱局面。理论和司法实践中对于登记及于公司章程效力影响,认识上并不一致。因此,商事登记制度对公司章程效力的影响的讨论在理论和实践中,均显得尤为必要。全文共分五章,约五万字。第一章是公司章程登记效力研究的背景分析;第二章至第四章从公司章程性质的自身因素到商事登记制度的影响这两个实质本原和形式本原为逻辑展开,最后对公司章程的登记效力进行确定。文章综合采用了比较法学、法社会学、历史分析法学、实证分析法学、价值分析法学等多种研究方法。第一章是有限公司章程登记效力研究必要性的探讨。通过分析笔者发现,法律规定的缺失及理论界的不同诠释是造成目前实践应用中对公司章程登记效力困惑的原因。因此,研究工商登记制度对于公司章程公示效力的影响是必要的。第二章是对公司章程性质等的界定。公司章程性质等问题是认识章程登记效力的本体性问题,是研究公司章程登记效力的基础。笔者介绍了几种主流学说,分析了公司章程的契约自由,及公司章程的价值在于自治价值和公示价值。第三章分析了商事登记制度的作用。分析了公司的独立性以及商法原则对公司相关法律行为效力识别的指导和统率作用,从价值方面分析了工商登记制度的功能。借助于对德国等国家商法规定的比较分析和商法外观理论的适用,界定了具体的登记公示或备案公示事项的效力。第四章是分析工商登记对公司章程登记效力的影响。通过前几章对公司章程性质及商事登记制度对公司章程效力的相关影响的分析,对公司章程的时间效力、对人效力进行了全面、具体的界定。同时,借助于公司章程登记效力的分析,笔者还对《公司法》第16条规定的规范性质进行了研究,认为该规定为管理性规定,而非效力性规定。
[Abstract]:The commercial registration system requires the registration of matters which are important or directly related to the business operation. Some items should be registered, and some items should be announced publicly. The commercial documents for the record should be allowed to be consulted by the public. The registration system of the company has realized the principle of publicism in the commercial subject of commercial law. The third people of business transactions show the appearance of the company's transaction. The effect of publicity and the credibility of the related documents of the company are raised by the public credibility given by the supervision and management of the state organs, which paves the material conditions for the application of the theory of commercial law appearance. However, the commercial registration system in our country emphasizes the public law function of administrative management and neglects the commercial registration seriously. The value of private law or the function of private law emphasizes the adjustment of the social and economic order with the function of public law, but neglects the positive effect of the function of private law on the safety of the transaction. It is rarely mentioned that the legal effect produced by the commercial registration public notice in the legal provisions (only < the company law > thirty-third stipulates the antagonism effect of the registration of the change of the shareholders), and neglects the business. However, from the nature of the Charter of the company, it can be concluded that the autonomy of the articles of association of the company has been limited under the constraint of strong law and public order, but the free disposal under this restriction is still sufficient to have substantial influence on the rights and interests of the relevant persons, so that the relevant people are full of doubts. The applicant has to explain the validity of the publicity of the company's articles of association according to his knowledge and understanding. Therefore, in the practical practice of the law, the effect of the articles of association of the company appears different because of the disarray of people. In theory and judicial practice, the influence of registration and the validity of the articles of association is not consistent. Therefore, the business registration system is not consistent. The discussion on the influence of degree on the effectiveness of articles of association is particularly necessary in theory and practice.
The full text is divided into five chapters, about fifty thousand words. The first chapter is the background analysis of the study of the validity of the company's articles of Association; the second to the fourth chapter from the influence of the nature of the articles of association to the business registration system, the two substantive original and the formal original are logically unfolded. Finally, the registration effectiveness of the company's chapter is determined. The article has been adopted in a comprehensive way. Comparative law, law sociology, historical analysis law, positive analysis law, value analysis law and other research methods.
The first chapter is a discussion on the necessity of the study of the validity of the incorporation of the articles of association of a limited company. Through the analysis, the author finds that the lack of the legal provisions and the different interpretations of the theoretical circles are the reasons for the confusion of the validity of the registration of the articles of association in the current practice and application. Therefore, it is necessary to study the influence of the business registration system on the validity of the company's articles of association.
The second chapter is the definition of the nature of the articles of association of the company. The nature of the articles of association of the company is the ontological problem of recognizing the validity of the statute registration. It is the basis for the study of the validity of the registration of the articles of association. The author introduces several mainstream theories and analyzes the freedom of contract in the articles of association of the company, and the value of the articles of association of the company lies in the value of autonomy and public value.
The third chapter analyzes the role of the business registration system. It analyzes the independence of the company and the guiding and unified role of the principle of commercial law on the identification of the legal behavior of the company. The function of the system of business registration is analyzed from the value aspect. The application of the comparative analysis and the commercial law appearance theory to the provisions of the commercial law in Germany and other countries is defined. The effectiveness of specific registration publicity or record publicity matters.
The fourth chapter is to analyze the influence of business registration on the validity of the registration of the articles of association. Through the analysis of the characteristics of the articles of association of the company and the effect of the business registration system on the effectiveness of the articles of association in the first few chapters, the time effect of the articles of association and the effectiveness of the articles of association are comprehensively and concretely defined. The author also studies the normative nature of the sixteenth provisions of the company law, and considers that the provision is a regulatory rather than a valid one.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.291.91

【引证文献】