海上旅客人身意外伤害保险法律问题研究
发布时间:2018-12-18 10:36
【摘要】: 人身保险根据保障的范围,大致可分为三类:人寿保险,健康保险,意外伤害保险,人身意外伤害保险的保险利益体现为投保人和被保险人之间的人身依附关系或者信赖关系。人的身体并没有金钱价值,但人与人之间的关系(亲属关系)具有利害关系,其虽不能用金钱价值予以衡量,然而在实际生活中常常顾及经济上的利益。这就是人身意外伤害保险保险利益之所在。 保险有强制保险与自愿保险之分,世界上一些发达国家的强制保险一般分为两类,一类为以保障国民基本生活为目的的社会保险,他对劳动者因生育、年老、患病、残废、失业、死亡等原因失去生活来源时,在物质上给予社会性帮助。另一类是由国家通过立法或行政命令强制投保人与保险人订立保险合同,,目的是为了在商业和社会活动中维护社会公共利益,维护第三人和弱势群体的利益,此类多为责任保险。 在欧美发达国家中,关于以人为标的的保险或“对人保险”分别纳入强制执行的社会保险和基本为自愿投保的商业人身保险,一般只是对财产保险(包括责任保险)实施部分强制保险。有关人身意外伤害保险,一般不采用强制保险的办法。海上旅客意外伤害保险与其他普通的意外伤害保险没有多大区别。在我国,除部分“对人保险”如旅客意外伤害保险等根据我国社会、经济发展情况采用强制保险外,强制保险多为财产保险,意外伤害保险采用强制保险这是我国有别于他国的特殊地方。 目前我国调整海上旅客运输关系的相关的法律法规有《中华人民共和国海商法》、《水路旅客运输规则》、《中华人民共和国港口间海上旅客运输责任限额规定》、《轮船旅客意外伤害强制保险条例》(1951年)等。尽管我国一直在不断地加强海上运输方面的法制建设工作,但是我们也不能不看到,由于立法和制定法规时的社会发展阶段的局限和政策等原因,仍有忽视或不完备的地方,例如对于强制实施海上旅客人身意外伤害保险,《海商法》没有规定,而《轮船旅客意外伤害强制保险条例》已不适应社会主义市场经济的要求,已没有实际的应用意义,同时主管部门为了保护行业发展、重经济利益,对旅客运输采用责任限制和国际海上与沿海旅客运输的责任限制“双轨制”,因而当承运人的侵权行为和过失,或者其他意外事故造成旅客 海上旅客人身意外伤害保险法律问题研究 伤亡,由于种种原因在实际赔偿中赔偿不足或无能力赔偿,使当事人的利益无法得 到保障;随着改革开放的深化,对外交流的日益增多,责任限制“双轨制”的弊端 也显露无疑:缺乏“公平、平等”的法理基础。 为了确保受害人得到充分及时的赔偿;防止船公司不为旅客保险,或将船票中 该部分费用挪作他用,或者为了减少或缩短海事赔偿诉讼数量和过程,或者在受害 人得不到充分的赔偿时,建立完善的社会保障机制和分摊损失渠道,有必要修改过 时的法规,并实施强制性海上旅客人身意外伤害保险,以保障海上旅客运输业的健 康发展。由于行业主管部门较多地关心海上运输的经济秩序和安全生产,故对海上 旅客人身伤害的赔偿设立赔偿责任限制,目的是保护船东、经营人、租船人的利益。 现在是到了强调体现法律公平,改变海商法领域重经济效益,轻法律公平的现状, 保护弱者的利益,在效益和公平之间取得平衡的时候了。 本文将从如下几方面进行研究: 第一章人身意外伤害保险合同概述,主要论述人身意外伤害保险的发展历程、 特征和一些基本问题。 第二章海上旅客人身意外伤害保险法律制度,主要论述人身伤害的责任制度、 国内外海上旅客人身意外伤害赔偿和保险的现状和法律制度、海上旅客人身意外伤 害赔偿过程中存在的问题。 第三章对完善我国海上旅客人身意外伤害保险法律制度提出建议:*建议在修 改《海商法》时,增加有关旅客人身伤害保险的条款,明确海上旅客人身意外伤害 保险与责任保险的关系,*建议主管部门在《海商法》等法律框架下,修改现行有 关规章或制定相应的规章,在海上运输中实施强制保险(法定保险),讨论其实施的 现实意义、可行性、其他强制保险实施情况的借鉴,并提出《承运人办理海上旅客 运输意外伤害保险规定》条款方案。*建议结合国内保险业的发展现状,开发适合 我国国情的商业性海上旅客运输险种。
[Abstract]:Personal insurance can be divided into three categories according to the scope of the guarantee: life insurance, health insurance, accidental injury insurance, and personal accident insurance. The body of a person has no monetary value, but the relationship between the person and the person (kinship) has a stake, which can not be measured by the value of money, but the economic benefits are often taken into account in the actual life. This is the personal accident that hurt the insurance benefits of the insurance. The insurance is subject to compulsory insurance and voluntary insurance, and the compulsory insurance of some developed countries in the world is generally divided into two categories, a class of social insurance for the purpose of guaranteeing the basic life of the national, when a source of life is lost for reasons such as illness, disability, unemployment, death, etc. The other is to force the applicant to enter into an insurance contract with the insurer through legislation or administrative order to safeguard the interests of the public in commercial and social activities, and to safeguard the interests of the third and the disadvantaged. This type of liability insurance is a liability insurance. In the developed countries of Europe and the United States, the insurance or 鈥渉uman-to-person insurance鈥
本文编号:2385723
[Abstract]:Personal insurance can be divided into three categories according to the scope of the guarantee: life insurance, health insurance, accidental injury insurance, and personal accident insurance. The body of a person has no monetary value, but the relationship between the person and the person (kinship) has a stake, which can not be measured by the value of money, but the economic benefits are often taken into account in the actual life. This is the personal accident that hurt the insurance benefits of the insurance. The insurance is subject to compulsory insurance and voluntary insurance, and the compulsory insurance of some developed countries in the world is generally divided into two categories, a class of social insurance for the purpose of guaranteeing the basic life of the national, when a source of life is lost for reasons such as illness, disability, unemployment, death, etc. The other is to force the applicant to enter into an insurance contract with the insurer through legislation or administrative order to safeguard the interests of the public in commercial and social activities, and to safeguard the interests of the third and the disadvantaged. This type of liability insurance is a liability insurance. In the developed countries of Europe and the United States, the insurance or 鈥渉uman-to-person insurance鈥
本文编号:2385723
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