免责条款若干问题研究

发布时间：2019-06-02 03:53

【摘要】： 免责条款作为一种合同条款，在合同中古已有之，其常伴随着格式合同的出现而出现。免责条款的问题是一个既古老又常新的课题，该课题的研究在英、德等国比较先进，相对西方国家而言，我国对免责条款的研究起步较晚。随着西学东渐，崔建远、韩世远、王利明诸先生撰文对免责条款的有关问题发表了一些有见解的文章，体现在立法领域，《海商法》、《消费者权益保护法》、《保险法》中对免责条款的有关内容作了零星的规定。本文在借鉴前人研究成果的基础上，通过比较中西免责条款研究的理论，结合我国《合同法》对有关免责条款规定的理解，试图对免责条款的理论和法律制度进行一些探索。这对于保护广大的弱势相对人的合法权益，完善我国合同法律制度、维护交易秩序，促进民事流转开展不无理论和实践的意义。全文分为引言、主文、结语三部分，分为五章。引言简要介绍了免责条款存在的法律问题以及本文的选题和实践意义。主文第一章对免责条款的概念进行界定、对免责条款的基本特征进行分析，重点对免责条款产生的社会基础、合同自由的产生与涵义、规制免责条款的法理基础进行阐述。论证了免责条款与合同自由的关系，认为免责条款存在的法理基础乃在于民事责任的“私人性”和合同自由原则。同时，论证了规制免责条款的法理基础乃一是对合同正义的追求；二是对个人利益和社会利益的平衡。第二章对免责条款订入合同的规则进行了探讨。免责条款有效是以它成为合同条款组成部分为前提，本章借鉴英国法对免责条款纳入合同规则。论述了免责条款因提醒相对人注意、相对人在合同上签字或通过系列交易行为而纳入合同的条款。第三章通过比较分析各国对免责条款的效力认定，认为免责条款有效抑或无效的确定，应视免责条款违约或侵权的社会危害程度，具体还要根据民法和合同法等现行法的规定、并以利益位阶、利益平衡、过错程度等规则判断免责条款的效力。第四章主要对免责条款的解释原则进行了探讨。认为免责条款在适用普通免责条款若干问题研究合同的解释原则的前提下，也适用其特殊的解释原则，即免责条款的解释应遵循一般相对人的合理理解、对条款提供人作不利的解释、个别商议兔责条款忧先于格式免责条款、限制解释等解释原则。第五章通过对专门法以及《合同法》有关免责条款规定进行评析，重点研究我国《合同法》有关兔责条款规定的祛律适用及其相关法律问题。借鉴各国立法的经验，，最后就完善我国免责条款的法律规制提出若干建议。结束语部分对本文的总体思路和最重要的观点作了简要的总结。
[Abstract]:The disclaimer, as a contract of the contract, has been found in the contract, which is often accompanied by the appearance of the form contract. The question of the disclaimer is an old and often new subject, the research of the subject is relatively advanced in the countries of Britain and Germany, and the study of the disclaimer in China is relatively late in the case of the western countries. With the development of the West, Cui Jianyuan, Han Shifar, and Mr. Wang Liming have published some opinions on the related issues of the disclaimer, which are reflected in the field of legislation, , the Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests, The relevant content of the disclaimer in the Insurance Law is provided in a number of cases. Based on the previous research results, this paper tries to explore the theoretical and legal system of the disclaimer by comparing the theory of the Chinese and Western disclaimers, and combining with the understanding of the relevant disclaimers in the Contract Law of China. It is of great significance to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the most vulnerable and relative people, to perfect the legal system of the Chinese contract, to maintain the order of the transaction and to promote the development of the civil flow. The full text is divided into the introduction, the main text, the knot, The third part is divided into five chapters. The introduction briefly introduces the disclaimer. In the first chapter, the article defines the concept of the disclaimer, analyzes the basic characteristics of the disclaimer, and focuses on the society of the disclaimer. On the basis of the basis of the creation and the meaning of the freedom of the contract and the legal basis of the disclaimer of the regulation, the relationship between the disclaimer and the freedom of the contract is proved, and the legal basis of the existence of the disclaimer is the "trunk>" pri of the civil liability. The principle of " and freedom of contract" is also demonstrated. The foundation is the pursuit of the contract justice; the other is the personal interest The second chapter discusses the rules of the disclaimer in the contract. This chapter is based on the fact that it becomes an integral part of the contract. This chapter is based on the British law for the inclusion of the disclaimer in the rules of the contract. The disclaimer, as a reminder of the relative's attention, is included in the terms of the contract with respect to the person's signature on the contract or through the series of transactions. In chapter III, the determination of the validity or invalidity of the disclaimer is deemed to be valid or invalid by comparing the effect of the States on the disclaimer. The extent to which the breach of the disclaimer or the social hazard of the infringement is to be considered in particular, in accordance with that provisions of the existing law, such as civil law and contract law, and take advantage of the order of interest and the balance of interest judgment of the degree of fault or the like The validity of the disclaimer. Chapter IV is mainly on the principle of the interpretation of the disclaimer. A discussion is made. It is considered that the disclaimer is applicable to the general Research on Several Issues of Disclaimer Under the premise of the principle of the interpretation of the contract, it is also applicable to its special interpretation principle, that is, the disclaimer The interpretation shall follow the reasonable understanding of the general relative, and shall to provide a person as a person Unfavorable explanation, individual negotiation of the responsibility clause of the rabbit prior to the format The principle of interpretation, such as the disclaimer, the limitation of the interpretation, etc. Chapter V
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：D913

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