论基因技术对宪法的挑战

发布时间：2018-06-08 21:03

本文选题：基因技术 + 宪法　；参考：《东岳论丛》2012年04期

【摘要】：现代基因技术给法律领域带来巨大挑战,而负担基本权益保护的宪法面临什么样的挑战无疑是众所瞩目的。其挑战首先体现在主体的界定上。法律上之"人"包含有独立、自由、自主之涵义,"人"作为主体是一切权利与义务的出发点,当基因科技的发展使得人之所以为"人"都产生争议时,法律体系的权利主体应该如何应付?是否需要创设一种新型主体?恐怕宪法学首先要做出一个基本的解释与界定。其次是对宪法基本价值的挑战。人性尊严是宪法的基本价值,由于基因技术在分子水平上实现了对人类遗传物质的修饰和操纵,人类的特性成为一种附庸,这样就使得人性尊严面临着巨大的挑战。由此人性尊严内涵有了新的要求,对人性尊严的侵犯形式也有了新的内容。作为基本规范的宪法如何回应是一个挑战。另外,基因技术的研究和运用同样给宪法基本权利如生命权、平等权、隐私权、后代基本权利等以及社会基本秩序带来了巨大的冲击和挑战。这些问题和挑战都需要进一步的研究和关注,并且适时进行立法的调整,使法律、伦理和基因科技的发展达到协调和平衡,使各方的基本权益最大化,从而实现科技进步与社会和谐的目的。
[Abstract]:Modern genetic technology brings great challenges to the field of law, but what kind of challenge does the constitution of basic rights and interests face? The challenge lies in the definition of the subject. In law, "human" contains the meaning of independence, freedom and autonomy. As the subject, "human" is the starting point of all rights and obligations. How should the subject of the right in the legal system deal with it? Is it necessary to create a new subject? I am afraid that the first constitutional jurisprudence to make a basic interpretation and definition. The second is the challenge to the basic values of the Constitution. Human dignity is the basic value of the constitution. Because genetic technology has realized the modification and manipulation of human genetic material on the molecular level, human characteristics have become a kind of vassal, which makes human dignity face a huge challenge. Therefore, the connotation of human dignity has new requirements, and the form of violation of human dignity also has new content. How the Constitution responds as a basic norm is a challenge. In addition, the research and application of genetic technology also bring great impact and challenge to the basic rights of constitution such as the right to life, the right to equality, the right to privacy, the basic rights of future generations, and the basic order of society. These issues and challenges require further research and attention, as well as timely legislative adjustments to harmonize and balance the development of legal, ethical and genetic science and technology and to maximize the fundamental interests of all parties, So as to achieve the goal of scientific and technological progress and social harmony.
【作者单位】：山东大学;上海社会科学院;山东大学口腔医学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社科项目(11YJC820100) 山东大学自主创新基金项目(IFW10062)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D911

【共引文献】