业主自治规范中限制性条款的司法审查——基于美国的实践

发布时间：2017-12-27 01:05

本文关键词：业主自治规范中限制性条款的司法审查——基于美国的实践　出处：《法商研究》2016年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：限制性条款是实现业主共同体目标的重要途径,其实施中产生的纠纷带来司法可以在多大程度上介入业主自治的问题。在我国司法实践中出现了程序标准、合法性标准、合理性标准;在美国司法实践中则形成商业判断标准、意思自由标准、合理性标准、政府行为标准等路径,法官基于所涉限制性条款的性质而采取不同的标准。事实上,业主自治行为与政府的公共治理行为有着本质的不同;相较于普通的民事法律行为,业主自治亦别具一格。业主之间构成关系契约关系,在限制性条款的形成符合特定前提条件的情况下,司法应当尊重业主自治的内部秩序。尽管如此,基于对限制性条款所产生的社会与政治效应的充分考量,司法对其的尊重亦有例外。《中华人民共和国物权法》及其司法解释将撤销权作为限制性条款"侵害业主合法权益或者违反法律规定的程序"时的救济方式,并未区分业主大会或业主委员会决议瑕疵的种类而异其救济方式,与共同体决议撤销权行使的一般规则相悖,应予纠正。
[Abstract]:Restrictive clause is an important way to achieve the goal of the owners' community. The disputes arising from its implementation bring about the extent to which the judiciary can intervene in owner autonomy. The procedure standard, legal standard, reasonable standard in China's judicial practice; judicial practice in the United States is the formation of business judgment standard, meaning free standard, the standard of rationality, government behavior standard path, judge properties involved in restrictive clauses based on different standards adopted. In fact, there is an essential difference between the behavior of the owner autonomy and the government's public governance; compared with the ordinary civil law, the autonomy of the owner is also unique. The relationship between the owners constitutes a relationship contract. In the case of the formation of the restrictive clauses, the judiciary should respect the internal order of the owner's autonomy. In spite of this, there are exceptions to the respect of the judiciary on the basis of sufficient consideration of the social and political effects of the restrictive clause. "People's Republic of China property law" and the judicial interpretation of the right of revocation as restrictive clauses "against the legitimate rights and interests of the owners or the violation of the legal procedures" relief, did not vary kinds of owners or owners of the district assembly resolution flaws of its way of relief, and contrary to the community decided to exercise of the right to revoke the general rule, should be corrected.
【作者单位】：广东外语外贸大学土地法制研究院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(14FFX012)
【分类号】：DD912.3;D971.2
【正文快照】： 一、问题的提出以区分所有为构造基础的住宅形式对当代城市发展、邻人关系产生深远影响,“堪比19世纪下半叶以来公司的日益发展与普遍化所产生的社会影响”。1住宅小区基于不同的定位,为业主提供的服务具有差异性。为给业主提供符合其偏好的服务,维护区分所有权形态之共同生活

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