论环境行政合同中第三人权利的保护

发布时间：2018-03-04 02:21

本文选题：行政合同　切入点：环境行政合同　出处：《福州大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：行政主体实现行政目的的方式并不单一,传统时主要是通过“刚性”的“强制性”行政行为,现代行政方式增加了“柔性”的“非强制性”的行为方式,而行政合同则是“非强制性行为”的一个重要组成部分。现代对于环境领域的规制应当说是带有一定的风险性质的调整,而传统的强制性规范手段制约了公民的权利。所以采取此种方式,不但要有法定依据,还应当有科学的、强有力的实质根据,这就要有更充足的行政等资源加以解释,否则常会导致规制延迟、中断、终止等情形。在这种情况下,环境行政合同能够弥补传统强制性行政行为的不足,从而对环境风险进行及时而更为有效的规避,这是由于它是一种非强制性、灵活性的规制方法。因此,环境领域规制方式的一个趋势是合同化,也就是说行政合同在环境领域的运用越来越普遍。本文在引言部分简略交待笔者选此题的缘由以及相关的文献综述。第一章环境行政合同概述。通过说明行政合同的由来及其与民事合同、政府协议相比较,以了解行政合同的内涵,进而明晰环境行政合同的界定、权义分配规则与类型。第二部分内容着重阐述环境行政合同所具有的特殊性,如合同标的的特殊性、合同效果更容易涉及第三方利益以及所涉范围难以确定等等。第二章首先分析现行法律中“第三人”的界定,进而界定环境行政合同中第三人,并分析其具有的特殊性,再阐述环境行政合同中第三人具有的环境权益。第三章主要阐述保护环境行政合同中第三人权利的理论基础与法律依据。其中,理论基础主要是两个方面：其一,论述公民与政府之间的关系；其二,公众参与的理论基础。此外,阐述涉他合同的相关法律规定以及关于第三人权利保护的法律规定。在了解理论基础与法律依据的基础上,总结对保护环境行政合同中第三人权利的启示。第四章是本文最重要的部分,根据合同的不同阶段,如签订、生效、实施履行等。本章内容分成事前预防和事后救济两个部分：第一阶段是在合同签订、履行过程中,环境行政合同双方当事人政府、企业等应当公开与合同相关的环境资讯,一定条件下,公众有异议权,同时,环保监督机构以及社会监督机制应发挥其有效作用。第二个阶段是在合同已经实施并产生合同效果,“第三人”的权利已经受到侵害的情况下。笔者首先对环保法治在立法、执法、司法、关联主体方面的现状进行了简略阐述,在这基础之上,再提出相对应的司法救济及其他辅助对策。
[Abstract]:There is not a single way for administrative subjects to achieve administrative purposes. Traditionally, it is mainly through "rigid" "mandatory" administrative acts, and modern administrative methods increase "flexible" "non-mandatory" modes of conduct. The administrative contract is an important part of the "non-mandatory behavior". The modern regulation of the environmental field should be said to have a certain risk nature of the adjustment. And the traditional means of compulsory norms restrict the rights of citizens. Therefore, to adopt this approach, not only there should be a legal basis, but also a scientific and strong substantive basis. This should be explained by more adequate resources, such as administration, etc. Otherwise, it will often lead to delay, interruption and termination of regulation. In this case, the environmental administrative contract can make up for the deficiency of the traditional compulsory administrative behavior, thus the environmental risk can be avoided in a timely and more effective manner. This is because it is a non-mandatory and flexible method of regulation. In other words, the use of administrative contract in the field of environment is becoming more and more common. In the introduction part, the author briefly explains the reasons for choosing this topic and the related literature review. Chapter 1: Overview of environmental administrative contract. The origin of the same and its civil contract, In order to understand the connotation of the administrative contract and clarify the definition of the environmental administrative contract, the rules and types of the distribution of rights and meanings, the second part focuses on the particularity of the environmental administrative contract, such as the particularity of the subject matter of the contract. The second chapter firstly analyzes the definition of "the third party" in the current law, and then defines the third party in the environmental administrative contract, and analyzes its particularity. Chapter three mainly expounds the theoretical basis and legal basis of the rights of the third party in the environmental administrative contract. Among them, the theoretical basis is mainly two aspects: first, The second is the theoretical basis of public participation. In addition, the relevant legal provisions relating to his contract and the legal provisions concerning the protection of the rights of third parties are elaborated. On the basis of understanding the theoretical basis and the legal basis, the article discusses the relationship between the citizen and the government. Chapter 4th is the most important part of this paper, according to the different stages of the contract, such as signing, effective, The contents of this chapter are divided into two parts: the first stage is the signing of the contract. In the process of performance, the government of both parties to the environmental administrative contract and the enterprise shall disclose the environmental information related to the contract. Under certain conditions, the public has the right to object, and at the same time, The second stage is when the contract has been implemented and the effect of the contract has been produced, and the rights of the "third party" have been infringed. First, the author legislates on the rule of law of environmental protection. The present situation of law enforcement, judicature and related subjects is briefly expounded. On the basis of this, the corresponding judicial relief and other auxiliary countermeasures are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.1

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