家庭农场促进法研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 06:02

本文选题：家庭农场　切入点：促进法　出处：《山西财经大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：从世界范围看,家庭农场因其家庭经营和商品化生产的属性,成为农业现代化、工业化和城镇化的发动机。我国农村家庭联产承包责任制曾发挥过积极作用,但其规模偏小、粗放经营、自给自足的弊病已成为制约农民致富和农业现代化的主要因素。家庭农场模式是既能克服前述弊病又能继续发挥家庭农场优势的新型生产经营组织形式。因此《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》提出要坚持家庭经营的农业基础地位,推进家庭经营创新,鼓励承包经营权流转到家庭农场等新型经营组织。“家庭农场”这一新概念于2013年首次写入中央一号文件,2014年被第66届联合国大会确定为“国际家庭农业年”(2014IYFF),旨在重新定位家庭农业在国家农业、环保和社会发展政策中的重要性。从法和经济的关系来看,市场经济要求法律规定权利主体的资格以及权利的范围、行使的程序,进而保障经济的发展。经济因为法律的参与不断发展,法律也因经济的发展愈加完善。但滞后于经济的法律,不仅将无法实现对社会关系的调整,还将不利于经济的发展。家庭农场发展初见成效,但是也存在着诸如土地流转方面的法律不健全,难以保障家庭农场稳定地租地规模;家庭农场融资法律体系缺乏、财税扶持政策不足、社会化服务法律体系不健全、农业人才立法不完善、农场主素质较低的问题。国外一些发达国家家庭农场起步较早,它们在家庭农场法律制度的不断探索和完善的实践经历中积累了一套可操作性强的宝贵经验,在这类发达国家中以美国、法国、德国、日本探索出的经验最是实用。这些国家在宏观调控方面普遍都颁布了促进家庭农场发展的特别法,并加强财税、金融、科学技术等方面的立法,为家庭农场提供了大力的扶持和帮助。家庭农场的发展离不开健全的法律体系作为支撑,但我国目前针对家庭农场的法律制度尚在起步阶段,立法实践主要集中于地方性法规、部门规章等位阶较低的规范性文件,如《山西省农业厅认定家庭农场的暂行意见》、《山西省农业厅关于促进家庭农场发展的指导意见》,且数量较少、内容不完整。家庭农场在实践中“无法可依”的现状制约了其健康持续的发展。本文以此为主题,针对我国家庭农场立法情况,进而分析其法律问题,参考国外先进立法经验,通过构建家庭农场促进法为家庭农场持续发展提供法律保障。本文所构建的家庭农场促进法,并非表现为制定一部《家庭农场促进法》,而是为家庭农场的发展构建促进法律体系,其中,家庭农场基本法是促进法的核心,通过完善土地流转、金融、财税、人才法律制度,推动和保障家庭农场的发展。本文的创新之处在于家庭农场法律问题本身就是一个崭新的课题,现实中没有家庭农场法,理论上相关研究也很少,本文拟构建家庭农场促进法,保障家庭农场的发展。本文还存在着很多的不足,首先对国外家庭农场立法的原始性资料收集有限,研究有待深入;其次由于理论研究有限,实践调查不足,构建家庭农场促进法的理论基础不够充分;最后由于笔者研究水平有限,对家庭农场促进法中相关的制度设计存在缺陷,在今后的学习工作中,会加强理论知识的学习、在实践中对每项制度进行细化考察,继续研究家庭农场相关的法律问题,以弥补不足。
[Abstract]:From the view of the world, because of the family farm household business and commercial production properties, become the agricultural modernization, industrialization and urbanization. The engine of our country rural household contract responsibility system has played a positive role, but its small scale, extensive management, self-sufficient ills has become a major factor restricting agriculture and farmers to get rich a modern family farm. Not only can overcome the disadvantages of model is to continue to play the advantages of the new family farm production and management organization. So the decision of the CPC Central Committee on "on deepening reform of the overall number of major issues raised to adhere to the position of agriculture as the foundation of family management, family management to promote innovation, encourage contract management rights transfer to the family farm etc. the new business organization. The new concept of" family farm "for the first time to write the central document in 2013, 2014 by the sixty-sixth session of the UN General Assembly determined As the "International Year of family farming" (2014IYFF), aims to redefine the family farming agriculture in the country, the importance of environmental protection and social development policy. From the relationship between law and economy, market economy requires the law right subject qualification and the scope of rights, the exercise program, and ensure the development of economy. Because of economic law participate in the development of the law, also due to the development of economy more and more perfect. But behind the economic law, not only will not achieve the adjustment of social relations will be conducive to economic development. The development of family farms achieved initial success, but there are still many problems such as land transfer law is not perfect, is difficult to guarantee the stability of family farm the size of the family farm.; the lack of financing legal system, and the lack of policy support, social service legal system is not perfect, agricultural talent legislation is not perfect, the farmer quality is low The problem of some developed countries. The family farm started earlier, they continue to explore on the family farm, and perfect the legal system of the practical experience accumulated a set of operational experience and strong, in the developed countries to the United States, France, Germany, Japan, the experience is the most practical in these countries. Macro control generally have enacted special laws to promote the development of family farms, and strengthen taxation, finance, science and technology and other aspects of the legislation, provides strong support and help for the development of family farms. The family farm cannot do without a perfect legal system as a support, but China's current legal system for family farms is still in the initial stage, the legislative practice focused on local regulations, departmental rules and regulations and other normative documents of a lower rank, such as "provisional views of Shanxi Provincial Department of agriculture finds the family farm", < the agriculture of Shanxi Province On the guidance department on promoting the development of family farms, and the small number of content is not complete. The status quo of family farms in the practice of "not be" restricted its healthy and sustainable development. Based on this theme, in view of our country family farm legislation, and then analyzed the legal problems, reference to foreign advanced legislation experience, through the construction of family farm promotion law to provide legal protection for the sustainable development of family farms. The family farm law, not to establish a "family farm Promotion Law", but for the development of family farms to promote the construction of legal system, which is the core of the basic law, the family farm promotion law, through the improvement of land circulation. Finance, taxation, personnel legal system, promote the development and protection of the family farm. The innovation of this paper lies in the family farm law itself is a brand-new topic, in reality No family farm law, theory research rarely, this paper intends to build the family farm development promotion law, protection of the family farm. In this paper, there are still many deficiencies of the first foreign family farm legislation of the original data collection is limited, need further study; secondly because the theoretical research, practical investigation, construction of the family farm to promote the theory foundation of law is not sufficient; finally, because of the limited research on the family farm, promoting law related system design flaws, study and work in the future, will strengthen the theoretical knowledge of learning, in the practice of each system detailed investigation, to the relevant legal issues on the family farm, to to make up for deficiencies.

【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D922.4

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