我国食品安全风险评估法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 19:56

本文选题：食品安全　切入点：风险评估　出处：《西南大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：食品安全是基本的人权问题,它关乎国民的身体健康,也关乎生产力的提高,是国家富强、社会稳定的重要基石。在风险社会的背景下,食品安全的风险分析是目前国际上食品安全监管的通行做法,而风险评估制度是其核心。食品安全风险评估为及时发现食品中已经存在和潜在的风险、从而制定科学的食品安全标准以及食品安全管理措施起到了非常重要的作用,并且也是保护消费者、强化食品安全监管、维护社会秩序的重要手段。因此,目前各国基本上都建立起了食品安全的风险评估法律制度,而发达国家在食品安全风险评估法律制度的建设方面也取得了相当丰富的经验,基于风险评估而进行的食品监管效果也十分明显。在近年来食品安全事故频繁发生的背景下,我国于2009年颁布了《食品安全法》,试图为改善食品安全状况打开新的局面,并且顺应国际趋势,明确规定了食品安全风险评估制度,以其作为制定食品安全国家标准以及食品安全监管措施的依据。但是,从目前来看,专家对食品安全的评估结论并不能得到公众的信服。公众对国家的食品安全监管呈现出不满和质疑,政府的公信力受到影响。一旦出现重大的食品安全问题,就容易引发公众的恐慌,造成社会的不稳定。究其原因,则与我国风险评估法律制度的不完善密切相关。目前,我国的食品安全风险评估法律制度在立法上层级较低、内容不完善、不适应现实情况,同时在执法上,部门设置缺乏统一性和独立性、科学专家的独立性和卓越性不强、风险评估过程未与公众进行充分的交流、风险评估过程和结果的监督机制缺失,在风险评估机构及其工作人员的法律责任上规定不完善,这些都导致我国的食品安全评估结果在权威性、科学性、公信力上都大打折扣。发达国家在食品安全风险评估法律制度的建设方面做的相对比较成熟,积累了大量的经验。鉴于目前我国风险评估制度不完善的现状,我国可以在借鉴发达国家经验的基础上,对我国的食品安全风险评估制度进行完善。在立法上,通过完善法律法规体系来保证食品安全风险评估活动的有法可依；在执法上,通过保证食品安全风险评估机构独立性来确保评估结果的中立性、通过保证科学专家的卓越性和独立性,来保证风险评估结果的权威性、通过与公众的风险交流,保证风险评估结果避免专家局限性的影响、通过建立内外监督机制来保证评估结论克服专家的内生局限性；在司法上,确立食品安全风险评估机构及其工作人员的责任形式,使其能够依法行使职权、履行职责。
[Abstract]:Food safety is a fundamental human rights issue. It is related to the health of the people and to the improvement of productivity. It is an important cornerstone of national prosperity and social stability. In the context of a risky society, The risk analysis of food safety is the current international practice of food safety supervision, and the risk assessment system is its core. Food safety risk assessment is to discover the existing and potential risks in food timely. Therefore, the establishment of scientific food safety standards and food safety management measures plays a very important role, and is also an important means to protect consumers, strengthen food safety supervision and maintain social order. At present, many countries have basically established a legal system for risk assessment of food safety, and developed countries have also obtained considerable experience in the construction of a legal system for risk assessment of food safety. The effect of food supervision based on risk assessment is also obvious. Under the background of frequent food safety accidents in recent years, our country promulgated the Food Safety Law in 2009, trying to open up a new situation for improving the food safety situation and conform to the international trend. Clearly defined the food safety risk assessment system as the basis for the formulation of food safety national standards and food safety regulatory measures. However, from the current point of view, The experts' assessment of food safety is not convincing to the public. The public is dissatisfied and questioned about the country's food safety regulation, and the credibility of the government is affected. Once major food safety problems arise, The reason is closely related to the imperfection of the legal system of risk assessment in our country. At present, the legal system of food safety risk assessment in our country is at a low level in legislation. The content is not perfect, does not adapt to the reality situation, at the same time in the law enforcement, the department establishment lacks the unity and the independence, the science expert independence and the superiority is not strong, the risk assessment process does not have the sufficient communication with the public, The lack of supervision mechanism of risk assessment process and results, and the imperfect regulation on the legal liability of risk assessment organizations and their staff, all result in the loss of authority, science and credibility of food safety assessment results in our country. The developed countries have done relatively mature in the construction of the legal system of food safety risk assessment, and have accumulated a lot of experience. In view of the present situation of imperfect risk assessment system in our country, On the basis of the experience of developed countries, our country can perfect our food safety risk assessment system. In legislation, we can ensure the food safety risk assessment by perfecting the laws and regulations system. By ensuring the independence of food safety risk assessment agencies to ensure the neutrality of the evaluation results, by ensuring the excellence and independence of scientific experts, by ensuring the authority of the results of risk assessment, by communicating with the public, To ensure that the risk assessment results avoid the impact of expert limitations, to ensure that the evaluation conclusions overcome the endogenous limitations of experts through the establishment of internal and external supervision mechanisms; to establish the form of responsibility of food safety risk assessment agencies and their staff in the judicial field, To enable them to exercise their functions and powers and perform their duties in accordance with the law.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.16

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