地质灾害行政应急机制研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 22:09

本文选题：行政应急权力　切入点：地质灾害　出处：《中国地质大学（北京）》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国地域广阔，地质环境复杂，地质灾害分布广，类型多，频度高，强度大，每年因地质灾害造成的损失占自然灾害损失的20%以上。随着人类工程活动强度日益增大，地质灾害进入多发期，将是今后一段时期我们所面临的主要自然灾害之一。提高我国地质灾害灾害行政应急能力，是实现政府职能转型，提升公共服务水平的必然要求。文章的第一部分为引言，主要介绍了地质灾害行政应急机制的相关研究背景与研究内容，阐述了当前地质灾害应急机制在实践中容易引发的弊端，提出了研究的理论意义与现实意义。第二部分对地质灾害行政应急的相关基础概念进行论述。首先明确了地质灾害的定义与分类，根据应急的特性，确定了本文的研究对象为突发性地质灾害；对紧急状态与突发事件的概念进行了区分，以明确突发事件应急的行政性，进一步明确行政应急权力涵义；从内涵与外延两方面对行政应急权力进行界定，阐明其特征，并提出了行使的原则。第三部分是文章的重点内容，，对我国现行的地质灾害行政应急机制进行了研究分析。首先梳理了我国地质灾害行政应急的分部门、分灾种的立法体系，其后按照预防与应急准备、监测预警、灾后处置与救援、恢复重建四个阶段，结合实践分析了应急机制的运行效果，并提出了不足之处。文章的第四部分介绍了美国与日本的立法体系、应急主体，并归纳了两国在地质灾害应急机制方面的成功经验。最后一部分对我国地质灾害行政应急机制，从强化立法支持与具体制度构建的角度提出了完善建议。具体而言，应从立法体系的完善、体系内部的协调统一与评估完善，构建统一应急联动平台、提升地方政府应急能力，应急机制运行中具体制度构建等方面着手进行。
[Abstract]:China has a vast area, complex geological environment, wide distribution of geological hazards, many types, high frequency and high intensity. The losses caused by geological disasters account for more than 20% of the losses caused by natural disasters every year. With the increasing intensity of human engineering activities, It will be one of the main natural disasters that we will face in the coming period. Improving the administrative emergency response ability of geological disasters in China is the inevitable requirement to realize the transformation of government function and to improve the level of public service. The first part of the article is the introduction, mainly introduces the related research background and research content of the geological disaster administrative emergency mechanism, and expounds the disadvantages that the geological disaster emergency mechanism is easy to cause in practice. The theoretical and practical significance of the research is put forward. In the second part, the related basic concepts of geological disaster administrative emergency are discussed. Firstly, the definition and classification of geological disaster are defined. According to the characteristics of emergency, the research object of this paper is sudden geological hazard. This paper distinguishes the concept of emergency and emergency, in order to clarify the administrative nature of emergency, further clarify the meaning of administrative emergency power, define the administrative emergency power from two aspects of connotation and extension, and clarify its characteristics. And put forward the principle of exercise. The third part is the key content of the article, and analyzes the current administrative emergency mechanism of geological disasters in China. Firstly, it combs the sub-departments of administrative emergency of geological disasters and the legislative system of disaster. Then according to the four stages of prevention and emergency preparedness, monitoring and warning, post-disaster disposal and rescue, recovery and reconstruction, combined with practice, the operational effect of emergency mechanism is analyzed, and the deficiencies are put forward. The 4th part of the article introduces the legislative system and emergency subjects of the United States and Japan, and summarizes the successful experiences of the two countries in the geological disaster emergency mechanism. In the last part, some suggestions are put forward to improve the administrative emergency mechanism of geological disasters in China from the angle of strengthening the legislative support and the construction of specific system. In particular, we should perfect the legislative system, the coordination and unification within the system and the evaluation. Building a unified emergency response platform, improving the local government emergency response capacity, emergency mechanism in the operation of the specific system construction and so on.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.1

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