我国住宅专项维修资金制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 22:15

本文选题：住宅专项维修资金 + 缴纳标准　；参考：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：住宅专项维修资金是房屋的“养老金”，关系着房屋使用寿命和使用质量，具有重大意义，但缴纳这个专项资金的目的是什么，其所有权归谁，谁在管理，如何使用，我国关于住宅专项维修资金都有哪些法律规定等等却不被大众所了解。近年频频被新闻媒体曝出住宅专项维修资金被挪用侵占、房屋漏雨、电梯故障等因维修费用的承担存在问题而拖延维修等纠纷，本文便是在这样一个社会经济背景下产生了对住宅专项维修资金的思考。在简要介绍了随我国住房改革和商品房市场蓬勃发展而建立起来的住宅专项维修资金制度的发展历程之后，本文采用规范分析和实证分析的方法，结合国内典型城市住宅专项维修资金的相关案例，从法经济学的角度，主要是成本收益理论出发，按照住宅专项维修资金的筹集、管理和使用的先后顺序，对现阶段我国住宅专项维修资金制度在各个环节中存在的问题进行了剖析，其中筹集环节存在缴纳数额不足、允许开发商代为收缴、缴纳标准不统一等问题；管理环节对现有几种管理模式的利弊进行分析，对管理主体混乱的现象进行了批判；存在问题最为明显的是住宅专项维修资金的使用环节，包括保修期内的维修费用和日常维护费用对专项维修资金的占用，专项维修资金的申请程序繁琐以及紧急情况下的使用申请的处理效率低下等。在借鉴美国、日本等国的住宅专项维修资金制度基础上，本文针对前述我国住宅专项维修资金制度存在的种种问题，逐一提出完善建议：筹集环节禁止开发商代收、统一缴纳标准，提出首期由开发商缴纳，业主按月缴纳日常住宅专项维修资金，缴纳基数为工程的建造安装成本，提高相关主体不缴欠缴的违法成本；管理环节集中由单一的政府主管部门监管、基金公司负责增值业务，，专门银行定期公开账户信息方便利益群体监督等；使用环节进一步明确住宅专项维修资金的适用范围、按照维修所涉及的范围和费用分级设定使用程序、政府职能由管理型向服务型转变、简化紧急情况下的使用流程等。
[Abstract]:The housing special maintenance fund is the building's "pension", which is related to the housing service life and the use quality, and has great significance. But what is the purpose of paying this special fund, who owns it, who is managing it, and how to use it. Our country about the housing special maintenance fund has what the law stipulation and so on but is not understood by the public. In recent years, it has been frequently reported by the news media that special housing maintenance funds have been misappropriated, housing leaks, elevator failures, and other disputes such as delays in maintenance due to problems in bearing maintenance costs. This article is in such a social and economic background to the housing special maintenance funds thinking. After a brief introduction of the development course of the housing special maintenance fund system established with the housing reform and the booming development of the commercial housing market in China, this paper adopts the methods of normative analysis and empirical analysis. Combining with the relevant cases of special maintenance funds for typical urban housing in China, starting from the angle of law and economics, mainly the cost-benefit theory, according to the order of raising, managing and using special maintenance funds of housing, This paper analyzes the problems existing in each link of the special maintenance fund system of housing in our country at the present stage. Among them, there are some problems in raising funds, such as insufficient amount of payment, allowing developers to collect money on behalf of developers, and inconsistent payment standards. The management link analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of several existing management modes, criticizes the chaotic phenomenon of the main body of management, and the most obvious problem is the use of special maintenance funds for housing. It includes maintenance cost and daily maintenance cost in warranty period and occupation of special maintenance fund, cumbersome application procedure of special maintenance fund and inefficient handling of application for use in emergency situation, etc. On the basis of drawing lessons from the special maintenance fund system of the United States, Japan and other countries, this paper, in view of the problems existing in the aforementioned housing special maintenance fund system in our country, puts forward some suggestions one by one: raising links to prohibit developers from collecting the funds on their behalf. Unified payment standards, proposed that the first payment by the developers, the owners pay daily residential special maintenance funds, pay the base for the construction of the project installation costs, improve the relevant subjects do not pay the illegal costs; The management link is centralized by a single government competent department, the fund company is responsible for the value-added business, the special bank regularly opens the account information to facilitate the interest group to supervise and so on; the use link further clarifies the housing specialized maintenance fund's scope of application, According to the scope and cost classification of maintenance, government functions are changed from management-oriented to service-oriented, and the process of using in emergency situations is simplified.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.29

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