论我国自然灾害行政救助法律制度之完善

发布时间：2018-05-07 07:21

本文选题：自然灾害 + 行政救助　；参考：《福州大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：自然灾害近些年来不断威胁着我国灾区人民的基本生存权,倘若掌握国家公共资源的政府不及时对其实施医疗、物质救助等行政救助行为,这势必会影响到受灾区域的社会秩序和谐与稳定。是故,完善我国自然灾害行政救助制度对于保障灾民的基本生存权意义重大,且是我国构建和谐社会的应有之义。显然,完善我国自然灾害行政救助制度应从完善其相关立法伊始。所幸,《自然灾害救助条例》的出台,从一定程度上宣布了我国已正式将自然灾害行政救助纳入法治化建设轨道。不过,从总体上来看,我国自然灾害行政救助相关立法不完善,法治化的程度还比较低下。源此,本论文从分析我国当下自然灾害行政救助立法现状及其存在的问题着眼并采取了比较分析法尝试与域外一些法治化程度较高的国家的自然灾害行政救助法律现状进行比较性探讨,以期借鉴他们的某些成功经验。此外,由于我国自然灾害行政救助相关立法性文件无论是名称还是效力层次存在多样性,并且内容规定较多又过于分散,因此,本论文在对我国自然灾害行政救助相关立法性内容进行分析的时候,运用了表格的方式对相关立法内容进行归纳分析,从而使得我国自然灾害行政救助相关立法文件和内容一目了然。此外,针对我国自然灾害行政救助所存在的问题,笔者提出了若干完善建议。本论文主要分为四部分：第一部分：自然灾害行政救助的概述。该部分主要阐述了自然灾害行政救助的概念及其基本原则。比如,自然灾害互助自救和行政救助相结合原则、短期救助原则等。第二部分：我国自然灾害行政救助法律制度现状及其存在的问题。该部分首先通过表格的形式简单的梳理了我国当前自然灾害行政救助的相关法律法规,然后再归纳我国自然灾害行政救助在立法、监督以及权利救济方面所存在的诸多问题,如：宪法依据不足,缺乏单行法律,原则性规定过多；监督主体设置混乱,权限不清,外部监督不足；权利救济途径法律依据不足,灾民权利救济行权受阻,法律维权意识淡薄。第三部分：美日澳等主要法治国家自然灾害行政救助制度考察及其对我国之借鉴。该部分主要介绍了美国、日本、澳大利亚等国家的自然灾害行政救助相关法律制度,并在此基础上归纳其可借鉴之处。第四部分：完善我国自然灾害行政救助法律制度若干建议。该部分主要针对我国自然灾害行政救助法律制度所存在的问题,并结合我国具体国情,提出了若干完善建议。具体可包括：确立宪法依据,制定单行法律,增强法律法规可操作性；完善健全内部监督主体,重视外部监督力量,强化追责力度；完善行政复议制度、行政诉讼制度,增强灾民法律维权意识。
[Abstract]:In recent years, natural disasters have threatened the basic living rights of the people in the disaster stricken areas of our country. If the government of the state public resources is not in time to apply medical treatment, material assistance and other administrative assistance, it will inevitably affect the social order, harmony and stability of the affected areas. Therefore, the system of administrative assistance for natural disasters in China will be improved. The basic right to survival of the disabled people is of great significance, and it is the proper meaning of building a harmonious society in our country. It is clear that the improvement of the administrative assistance system for natural disasters in China should be perfected from the beginning of its relevant legislation. Fortunately, the introduction of the regulations on natural disaster relief, to a certain extent, has announced that China has formally incorporated the administrative assistance of natural disasters into the rule of law. However, on the whole, the relevant legislation of natural disaster administrative assistance in China is not perfect and the degree of rule of law is still relatively low. From this point of view, this paper analyzes the current situation of the legislation of the administrative rescue of natural disasters and its existing problems in China, and has taken a comparative analysis method and some countries with a higher degree of rule of law. A comparative study of the legal status of the administrative rescue of natural disasters is carried out in order to learn from some of their successful experiences. In addition, due to the diversity of the relevant legislative documents of the administrative rescue of natural disasters in China, whether it is a variety of names or effectiveness levels, and the contents are more scattered, therefore, this paper is on the natural disasters in our country. When the relevant legislative content of administrative assistance is analyzed, the relevant legislative contents are summarized and analyzed by the form of form, which makes the relevant legislative documents and contents of the natural disaster administrative assistance in our country clear. In addition, the author puts forward some perfect suggestions in view of the problems existing in the administrative rescue of natural disasters in China. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part: an overview of the administrative rescue of natural disasters. This part mainly expounds the concept and basic principles of the administrative assistance of natural disasters, for example, the principle of the combination of natural disasters and administrative assistance, the principle of short-term relief, and so on. Second parts: the legal system of the administrative assistance for natural disasters in China. The present situation and its existing problems. This part first briefly combs the relevant laws and regulations of the current natural disaster administrative assistance in our country through the form of form, and then summarizes the problems in the legislation, supervision and right relief in China's natural disaster administrative assistance, such as the lack of the constitutional basis and the lack of single law. There are too many provisions; the supervision subject is confused, the authority is not clear, the external supervision is insufficient; the legal basis of the right relief way is insufficient, the rights of the victims are obstructed and the consciousness of the legal rights are weak. The third part is the investigation of the administrative relief system of natural disasters in the major rule of law countries, such as the United States, Japan and Australia and its reference to our country. This part mainly mediates The legal system related to the administrative assistance of natural disasters in the United States, Japan, Australia and other countries is introduced. On the basis of this, the fourth part: some suggestions on improving the legal system of natural disaster administrative assistance in China. This part mainly aims at the problems existing in the legal system of China's natural disaster administrative assistance. The specific national conditions of our country have put forward some perfect suggestions, which can include: establishing the basis of the constitution, making the law of the single line, strengthening the operability of the laws and regulations, perfecting and perfecting the internal supervision body, paying attention to the external supervision force, strengthening the power of pursuing the responsibility, perfecting the administrative reconsideration system, the administrative litigation system, and strengthening the consciousness of the legal rights protection of the victims of the disaster.

【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.182

【参考文献】