《劳动合同法》实施中的区域性差异研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 20:11

本文选题：劳动合同法 + 法律实施　；参考：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：《劳动合同法》是我国劳动关系领域至关重要的一部法律,其在实施过程中存在区域性差异,这种区域性差异往往体现为地方性的裁判标准与尺度的差异。从经济学的角度来看,法律实施的区域性差异是地方政府在生产要素市场中的竞争行为,这种情形难以避免且具有促进地方经济发展、推动完善《劳动合同法》立法的积极效应。然而法律实施的区域性差异一定程度上是对法律适用统一性的违背。如何处理允许地方政府在法律实施中的竞争行为与维护法律实施的统一性之间的关系是值得关注的问题。本文以长三角和珠三角地区为研究对象,对两地《劳动合同法》实施中的区域性差异进行分析,以期对地方政府竞争与法律实施统一性之间的协调作出有益的探索。通过对案例以及法院出台的裁判指导意见的分析,发现长三角和珠三角地区在实施《劳动合同法》过程中,在双倍工资、经济补偿和经济赔偿金及加班工资三种诉讼请求的处理中的裁判标准和尺度中存在区域性的差异。总体而言,两地的裁判标准和尺度都较为倾向于用人单位,具体而言,珠三角地区倾向于用人单位的程度更甚于长三角地区。运用政府竞争理论对两地的裁判标准和尺度差异分析发现,《劳动合同法》的实施中的区域性差异是地方政府在生产要素市场进行竞争的方式,地方政府通过提供符合其需要的生产要素偏好的政府供给品吸引该生产要素进入本地区。因此,长三角和珠三角地区在《劳动合同法》实施中产生区域性差异的原因在于地方政府在生产要素市场上竞争的需求有所差别,这又与两地产业结构与发展模式的差别息息相关。珠三角的外向型发展模式使其对资本要素的需求比内外向均衡型发展模式的长三角地区更为迫切,对资本要素更为迫切的需求导致珠三角地区在实施《劳动合同法》中更偏向作为资本拥有方的用人单位。长三角和珠三角地区在《劳动合同法》实施中的差异因地方政府生产要素市场竞争而发生,同时也对地方政府竞争产生影响,它们一方面影响生产要素在区域间的流动,另一方面由其构成的司法环境对区域软实力产生影响。《劳动合同法》实施中的区域性差异是地方政府竞争行为的体现,其同样具有地方政府竞争的正负面效应。允许《劳动合同法》实施中的区域性差异有利于使法律实施适应地方发展的需要同时推定法律的进一步完善,但是其同时可能引发法律实施的实质不公平、出现司法地方保护主义等问题。因此,必须将法律实施中的地方竞争行为置于规范的体系之下,保障法律实施符合合法性原则,同时通过完善案例指导制度,逐步消弭《劳动合同法》实施中的不合理的区域性差异。
[Abstract]:Labor contract Law is a very important law in the field of labor relations in our country. There are regional differences in the process of its implementation. This regional difference is often reflected in the differences of local standards and standards of adjudication. From the economic point of view, the regional difference in the enforcement of the law is the competitive behavior of the local government in the factor market of production, which is unavoidable and promotes the development of the local economy. Promote the positive effect of perfecting the legislation of the Labor contract Law. However, the regional differences in the implementation of the law to some extent violate the unity of the application of the law. How to deal with the relationship between allowing the local government to compete in the enforcement of the law and maintaining the unity of the enforcement of the law is a matter of concern. Taking the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta as the research objects, this paper analyzes the regional differences in the implementation of the Labor contract Law between the two places, in order to make a beneficial exploration on the coordination between the competition of local governments and the unity of the implementation of the law. Through the analysis of the cases and the judgment guidance opinion issued by the court, it is found that in the process of implementing the Labor contract Law in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta, the wages are double. There are regional differences in the criteria and standards of adjudication in the processing of claims for economic compensation and overtime pay. In general, the judgment standards and scales of the two places are more inclined to the employer, in particular, the Pearl River Delta is more inclined to the employer than the Yangtze River Delta. By using the theory of government competition, the author analyzes the difference of judgment standards and scales between the two places and finds that the regional difference in the implementation of the Labor contract Law is the way that the local government competes in the production factor market. Local governments attract factors of production into the region by providing government supplies that meet their needs. Therefore, the regional differences in the implementation of the Labor contract Law between the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta are due to the difference in the demand of local governments for competition in the production factor market. This is closely related to the difference between the industrial structure and the development model of the two places. The export-oriented development model of the Pearl River Delta makes its demand for capital elements more urgent than that of the Yangtze River Delta region, which is characterized by an inward and outward balanced development model. The more urgent demand for capital elements leads to the preference of employers as owners of capital in the implementation of Labor contract Law in the Pearl River Delta. The differences between the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta in the implementation of the Labor contract Law are caused by the market competition of the factors of production of the local governments, and also have an impact on the competition of the local governments. On the one hand, they affect the flow of the factors of production among regions. On the other hand, the judicial environment constituted by it has an impact on regional soft power. The regional differences in the implementation of Labor contract Law are the embodiment of the competitive behavior of local governments, and it also has the positive and negative effects of local government competition. Allowing regional differences in the implementation of the Labor contract Law is conducive to adapting the implementation of the law to the needs of local development and presuming further improvement of the law, but it may at the same time lead to substantive unfairness in the implementation of the law. The emergence of judicial local protectionism and other issues. Therefore, it is necessary to put the local competition behavior in the enforcement of the law under the normative system, to ensure that the implementation of the law conforms to the principle of legality, and at the same time, to improve the case guidance system, Gradually eliminate the implementation of the Labor contract Law unreasonable regional differences.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.52

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