主要农作物品种审定法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-06 07:32

  本文选题：农作物品种审定 + 市场准入　； 参考：《华中农业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：种子在农业生产中发挥着最基础的作用,良种是提高产量、改善品质的有效手段,品种管理是促进新品种转化为现实生产力的重要保障。农作物品种审定制度是我国种子市场化管理中的一项重要措施,在我国农业生产现代化过程中发挥了重要作用。随着《种子法》的实施和《主要农作物品种审定办法》的不断完善,我国种子产业育繁推一体化和市场化进程明显加快,原有的品种审定制度已经滞后于市场经济的发展。通过对我国主要农作物审定现状,域外种业市场发育较强的国家品种管理制度进行研究,从提高种业创新能力,提高种业企业竞争力等视角,从制度层面,如何将种业企业的发展和农民权利保护协调平衡,以探求中国品种审定制度之走向或趋势。全文具体将围绕以下几方面展开： 第一,介绍主要农作物品种审定相关概念,包括农作物品种审定、植物新品种,品种登记,以法学市场规制理论、弱势群体保护理论为基础研究农作物品种审定法律问题。 第二,介绍我国主要农作物审定制度法律依据,包括《种子法》、2001年、2014年《主要农作物品种审定办法》及《国家级水稻玉米品种审定绿色通道试验指南》相关制度内容,并介绍我国主要农作物审定制度运行现状,包括农作物品种审定申请、受理程序,退出、监督,以及审定法律责任承担。 第三,探讨我国主要农作物审定现状及问题,通过对玉米、大豆、水稻、油菜等主要农作物品种审定实际情况,分析我国主要农作物审定在市场准入、区域试验、市场监管和科研转化管理等方面存在的问题。 第四,结合域外种业市场发育完善的国家品种市场准入措施经验,分析美国、欧盟、加拿大等国家与我国主要农作物审定之间的关联与差异,并就我国主要农作物审定制度中存在的问题提出一些可完善的建议,包括修订已有的种子法规,确立品种登记制度,成立品种管理委员会,严格品种登记程序,建立规范化的品种评价体系等等措施。最后,对我国主要农作物品种审定制度走向品种登记制度改革的必要性总结,和对未来品种登记制度和市场化管理的展望,种业创新能力大幅提升,种业企业竞争力增强,我国种业发展与农民权利保护协调平衡,中国种业种质资源合理运用与发展,保障国家粮食安全。
[Abstract]:Seed plays the most basic role in agricultural production. Improved seed is an effective means to increase yield and improve quality. Variety management is an important guarantee to promote the transformation of new varieties into real productive forces. The examination and approval system of crop varieties is an important measure in the market-oriented management of seeds in China, which plays an important role in the modernization of agricultural production in China. With the implementation of the seed Law and the continuous improvement of the main crop Variety examination and approval measures, the process of seed industry development and marketization in our country has been accelerated obviously, and the original variety examination and approval system has lagged behind the development of the market economy. From the perspective of improving the innovation ability of seed industry and improving the competitiveness of seed industry enterprises, this paper studies the national variety management system with strong market development of foreign seed industry through the examination and approval of main crops in China. How to balance the development of seed industry enterprises and the protection of farmers' rights in order to explore the trend or trend of Chinese variety examination and approval system. This paper will focus on the following aspects: first, the introduction of major crop varieties validation related concepts, including crop variety validation, new plant varieties, variety registration, legal market regulation theory, On the basis of the theory of the protection of vulnerable groups, the legal issues of crop variety examination and approval are studied. Secondly, it introduces the legal basis of the main crop examination and approval system in China, including the seed Law, the main crop Variety approval measures in 2001 and 2014, and the relevant system contents of the National Rice and Maize Variety validation Green Channel Test Guide. This paper also introduces the operation status of the main crop examination and approval system in China, including the application for the examination and approval of crop varieties, the acceptance procedure, the withdrawal, the supervision, and the legal liability of the examination and approval. Third, to discuss the current situation and problems of major crop validation in China. By examining the actual situation of major crop varieties such as corn, soybean, rice, rape and so on, the paper analyzes the market access and regional tests of major crops in China. Market supervision and scientific research transformation management and other aspects of the problems. Fourthly, based on the experience of variety market access measures in countries with well-developed foreign seed industry markets, the paper analyzes the relationship and differences between the approval of major crops in the United States, the European Union, Canada, and China. And put forward some suggestions on the problems existing in the examination and approval system of main crops in China, including revising the existing seed laws and regulations, establishing a variety registration system, setting up a variety management committee, and strict variety registration procedures. Establish standardized variety evaluation system and other measures. Finally, the paper summarizes the necessity of the reform of the major crop varieties examination and approval system towards the variety registration system, and looks forward to the future variety registration system and market-oriented management. The seed industry innovation ability is greatly enhanced, and the competitive power of the seed industry enterprises is enhanced. The development of seed industry in China is balanced with the protection of farmers' rights, and the reasonable utilization and development of germplasm resources of seed industry in China to ensure the national food security.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.4

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本文编号：2101980