论我国高校在校园学生伤害事故中的侵权责任

发布时间：2018-07-07 18:52

本文选题：高校 + 校园学生伤害事故　；参考：《北京外国语大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：高校学生是社会创新与发展的主力军,但我国高校普遍重视专业素质教育而轻视安全防范教育,近年来,高校校园学生伤害事故频频发生,已经受到越来越多人的关注。但一直以来,我国立法界和司法界都将重点放在了未成年学生校园安全保护方面,很大程度上忽略了对高校学生校园安全的关注。由于缺乏明确的法律依据,高校的校园安全保障义务模糊不清,法院的判决各式各样,高校学生的利益无法保障,高校的责任承担“稀里糊涂”。本文综合文义解释、目的解释等研究方法,并结合法律规定和实践情况,合理地界定了与高校校园学生伤害事故有关的几个核心概念,明确了高校安全保障义务的理论基础以及事故的法律认定,并结合日、美、德等发达国家的经验对我国高校在校园学生伤害事故中的侵权责任承担提出些许建议。文章共分为六大部分,除去引言和结束语,共有四章内容。第一章是高校校园学生伤害事故概述。本部分首先界定了与本文有关的几个核心概念,即高等学校、高校学生、高校校园学生伤害事故,把高校校园学生伤害事故的特征及内涵进行了进一步的明确；其次,通过对高校与学生之间法律关系的不同学说的梳理和分析,将高校校园学生伤害事故中的高校与学生之间的法律关系确定为民事法律关系；最后,通过梳理国内外关于高校校园学生伤害事故处理的立法概况,指出了我国立法的不足之处,总结了国外的成熟经验。第二章是本文的重点及核心,论述了高校承担侵权责任的基础,即高校安全保障义务。本部分从高校校园安全保障义务的含义入手,指出了在我国立法和实践中高校安全保障义务的缺失。接着,从人权论和危险可控论明确了高校安全保障义务的存在基础；从合理经济论、社会责任论和危险控制论明确了高校安全保障义务的产生基础；从法律规定说和一定关系说明确了高校安全保障义务的承担基础。第三章分析讨论了高校承担侵权责任的归责原则和构成要件。首先,根据“举重以明轻,举轻以明重”的基本原则,明确了高校承担侵权责任的过错责任原则;其次,结合一般侵权责任的构成要件,分析了高校侵权责任构成要件中的特殊性。第四章提出了我国高校在校园学生伤害事故中的侵权责任承担的完善建议。主张分三步走：第一步,明确高校赔偿的基本原则,高校赔偿应当遵循合法性、客观公正性、合理适当性和及时性等四项基本原则;第二步,构建高校校园安全保障法律体系,明确高校的安全保障义务,建立一套完整的自上而下的法律体系,上至国家的法律法规,下至各高校的规章制度；第三步,积极探索建立多元化的赔付救济机制,如强化保险机制、国家赔偿、社会分担等。
[Abstract]:College students are the main force of social innovation and development, but colleges and universities in our country pay more attention to professional quality education than to safety prevention education. In recent years, college students' injury accidents occur frequently, which has been paid more and more attention by more and more people. However, the legislative and judicial circles in our country have focused on the protection of the campus security of underage students, and neglected to a great extent the attention to the campus security of college students. Due to the lack of clear legal basis, the campus security obligations of colleges and universities are ambiguous, the judgments of the courts are various, the interests of college students cannot be guaranteed, and the responsibilities of colleges and universities are "muddled". This article synthesizes the research methods such as meaning interpretation, purpose explanation and so on, and combines the law stipulation and the practice situation, reasonably defines several core concepts related to the university campus student injury accident. This paper clarifies the theoretical basis of the duty of safety and security of colleges and universities and the legal cognizance of accidents, and puts forward some suggestions on the tort liability of colleges and universities in campus injury accidents in our country combined with the experiences of Japan, the United States, Germany and other developed countries. The article is divided into six parts, except the introduction and concluding remarks, there are four chapters. The first chapter is the university campus student injury accident summary. This part first defines several core concepts related to this article, that is, colleges and universities, college students, college students injury accidents, the characteristics and connotation of college students injury accidents are further clarified; secondly, By combing and analyzing the different theories of the legal relationship between the university and the students, the legal relationship between the university and the students in the injury accident on campus is defined as the civil legal relationship. By combing the domestic and foreign legislation on the treatment of college students' injury accident, this paper points out the shortcomings of our legislation, and summarizes the mature experience of foreign countries. The second chapter is the focus and core of this paper, which discusses the basis of the tort liability of colleges and universities, that is, university security obligations. This part starts with the meaning of campus security obligation, and points out the lack of university security obligation in our country's legislation and practice. Then, from the view of human rights and the theory of risk control, the author clarifies the existence basis of the duty of safety and security in colleges and universities, and clarifies the basis of the obligation of safety and security in colleges and universities from the theory of rational economy, the theory of social responsibility and the theory of danger cybernetics. From the point of view of legal regulation and certain relationship, it clarifies the basis of the obligation of university security. The third chapter analyzes and discusses the principles and constitutive requirements of tort liability in colleges and universities. First of all, according to the basic principle of "lifting weight with light weight, lifting light with light weight", this paper clarifies the principle of fault liability of tort liability in colleges and universities; secondly, combined with the constitutive requirements of general tort liability, This paper analyzes the particularity of the constitution of tort liability in colleges and universities. The fourth chapter puts forward the suggestions of tort liability in campus student injury accident in our country. It is advocated that there should be three steps: the first step is to make clear the basic principles of compensation in colleges and universities, and the four basic principles of legality, objectivity and impartiality, reasonableness and timeliness should be followed in the compensation of colleges and universities, and the second step is to construct the legal system of campus security protection in colleges and universities. Make clear the security obligations of colleges and universities, establish a complete top-down legal system, laws and regulations from top to bottom, rules and regulations of colleges and universities; step three, actively explore the establishment of a diversified compensation and relief mechanism, Such as strengthening the insurance mechanism, state compensation, social sharing, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D923;D922.16

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